IB SEHS - Skeletal

Axial Skeleton

Group of bones responsible for protecting major organs.

Appendicular Skeleton

Group of bones involved in our major movements.

Cervical

Top 7 bones of the spine.

Thoracic

2nd section of spine consisting of 12 bones.

Mandible

Official term for your jaw bone.

Clavicle

bone that extends from sternum to scapula/ humerus and is a piece of the pectoral girdle.

Scapula

Bone found towards the posterior of your body that makes up the pectoral girdle with the clavicle.

Humerus

The long bone found in the upper portion of your arm.

Sternum

Official name for your chest plate

Ribs

A group of bones that extends from the vertebrae to the the sternum and protects many major organs.

Radius

Lower arm bone that connects towards the thumb.

Ulna

Lower arm bone that connects towards the pinky.

3 bones (illium, pubis, ischium)

How many bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Illium

The top bone of the pelvic girdle

Pubis

The lower and inner bone of the pelvic girdle.

Ischium

The lower and outer bone of the pelvic girdle.

Carpals

The group of wrist bones is referred to as ….

Metacarpals

The bones in your hand found between the carpals and phalanges.

Phalanges

The technical term for your fingers or toes.

Femur

The longest bone in your body found in the upper leg.

Patella

Technical term for your knee cap.

Tibia

Bone found in the lower leg that is the largest of the two and is weight barring.

Fibula

Bone found in the lower leg that is the smaller of the two and is non-weight barring.

Tarsals

Group of ankle bones.

Metatarsals

Group of bones found between the tarsals and phalanges in your foot.

Long bone

Bones classified by the cylindrical shape, large ends on both sides, and length greater than width.

Short bone

Bones classified by small and cubed shaped and typically articulate with more than one other bone.

Flat bone

Bones classified with curved surfaces and responsible for providing protection to major organs.

Irregular bone

Bones that have unique shapes and functions.

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

cancellous bone

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

medullary cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

Arteries/veins

supply blood flow to bone tissue

red marrow

thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation

yellow marrow

soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

Order of bone ossification of hyaline cartilage

1 blood vessels and periosteum form

2-3 bone laid down inside periosteum and bud enters what will be the marrow cavity

4 full cavity forms in hyaline cartilage

5 osteoblasts lay down bone

6 osteoclasts remove cancellous bone from marrow cavity to complete cavity formation to hold fat

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Osteoclasts

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

Osteocytes

bone cells

Lamallae

rings around the central canal, sites of lacunae and osteocytes

bone matrix

rigid framework of bone that consists of tough protein fibers and mineral crystals - calcium and phosphorus are examples

Functions of the skeletal system

support, storage of minerals and lipids, blood cell production, protection, movement (with muscles)

Parts of the skeletal system

bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, tendons

shape of vertebral column

S-shaped, with anterior curves at the cervical and lumbar regions, and posterior curves at the thoracic and sacral regions

functions of vertebral column

Supports weight of head and trunk

Protects the spinal cord

Allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord

Provides site for muscle attachment

Permits movement of head and trunk

examples of flat bones

cranial bones, sternum, ribs

examples of short bones

carpals and tarsals

examples of long bones

humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges

examples of irregular bones

vertebrae, pelvic girdle, and facial bones

Sesamiod bones

roughly oval shaped; located within tendons - special short bones

examples of axial bones

skull (cranium/face)

vertebral column

sternum

ribs

Examples of appendicular bones

arms, legs, pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle