stoichiometry unit D

What happens in a formation (synthesis) reaction

Element+element=compound

What is decomposition

Compound=element+element

What happens in single replacement reactions

Compound+element=new compound+new element

(Metal replaces metal, nonmetal replaces nonmetal)

What is a double replacement reaction

Compound+compound=new compound+new compound

What is a precipitation reaction

When two soluble ionic compounds do a precipitate (insoluble product/ solid)

What is a neutralization equation

When an acid and base produce a neutral ionic salt and water

What happens in a hydrocarbon combustion reaction

CH (any subscripts)+Oxygen=carbon dioxide+water(gas)

What is a molar ratio

The balanced coefficients of a chemical equation

What is a molecular equation

Complete balanced chemical equation (science 10)

What is a total ionic equation

All High solubile ionic compounds are dissociated into ions, and the precipitate is left in tact

What is a net ionic equation

The final form of the total ionic equation where all spectator ions (ions found on both sides) are eliminated and you are left with the actual chemical change taking place

What is a limiting reagent

The reactant that is completely consumed, and yields the lower MOLAR AMOUNT of product

What is a excess reagent

The reactant that remains after a reaction

How would you tell if the resulting solution would be acidic basic or neutral based off of your limiting and access reagents?

The chemical acidity or basidity of the excess reagent will determine the resulting solution

What is the difference between actual yield and theoretical yield when calculating percent yield of a reaction

Actual yield = lab results

Theoretical yield = stoichiometric calculation for the reaction

What does percent yield of a reaction calculate

The efficiency of the reaction

Why do we calculate the percent error of a reaction

To gauge how close a measured experimental value is to the true accepted value

What analytic techniques are used in gravimetric analysis

Filtration and crystallization

Precipitation reactions uses which gravimetric analysis technique? What dose it do?

Filtration with a porous filter paper, separates solid from a mixture

Solutions use which gravimetric analysis technique? What does it do?

Crystallization, used to separate solid from a solution by evaporating the solvent

When is volumetric analysis used

When a reaction produces gaseous products (combustion or metal and acid reactions)

When is titration analysis used? What does it measure?

Used for Acid-Base reactions, measures the volume of an acid or base required to neutralize an acid/base

What is does a titration do?

Determines the concentration of one solution based on its reaction with a known concentration/standard solution

What is the difference between the equivalence point and the end point

The equivalence point is quantitative when moles of h3o+ ions are equivalent to moles of oh- ions. It is the net ionic equation for all aqueous reactions.

The end point is qualitative, its the color change at the end of a reaction

What is the equivalence point in a titration? What type of analysis is used?

The point where the number of moles of the unknown solution is stoichiometrically equivalent to the number of moles of the standard solution (when the reaction is complete). Quantitative analysis

What is the end point in titration? What type of analysis is used?

The point where the indicator changes color at the end of a reaction. Qualitative analysis

The solution puts in the buret is known as what?

Titrant

What is a primary standard

Solution made from solid of a known concentration

What is a secondary standard

Solution with a known concentration by titrating it against a known volume of a primary standard

What does standardizing a solution mean

Determining a solutions concentration by analyzing its reactions with a standard (primary or secondary)

Why do we standardize solutions

Because some solutions change concentration over time, We use standardization to find it's current concentration

Why does an acidic solution change concentration

Gas escapage

How do basic solutions change concentration

The formation of solid precipitates

If a strong monoprotic base titrant is added to a strong monoprotic acid sample, where would your pH Titration curve begin, why?

Your pH curve will start at the low PH scale because the sample in the Erlenmeyer flask is a strong acid meaning your solution starts out as a acid

If a strong monoprotic acid titrant is added to a strong monoprotic base sample, where does your pH titration curve end, why?

Because you've added past the volume of the steep region your solution starts to become acidic as you've added more strong acid form the burette to the sample solution in the Erlenmeyer flask

What is the steep region in pH titration curves

The volume of added titrant from the burette where the sample is chemically neutral

If a strong amount of product based titrant is added to a strong monoprotic acid sample, does the pH titration curve end, why?

The pH titration curve will end at the high pH scale because more strong base is added to the sample in the Erlenmeyer flask overpowering the acidity of that sample

If a strong monoprotic acid titrant is added to a strong monoprotic base sample, where does the pH Titration curve begin, why?

The pH titration curve will start at the high pH scale because it represents the sample in Erlenmeyer flask which is A strong model product base meaning has a higher pH at the beginning

How do you choose an indicator for acid-base titrations

Choose an indicator with an endpoint close to the equivalence point, meaning the color change will only be during the steep region in a pH titration curve