Untitled Flashcards Set

Octet Rule

Atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level when bonding occurs.

Ion

A charged atom or group of atoms.

Transition Metal

A metal that forms at least one ion with a partially filled d sublevel.

Ionic Bond

The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.

Sigma Bonding

Head-on overlap of two orbitals.

Pi Bonding

Sideways overlap of p orbitals.

Electronegativity

The relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces that exist between molecules, including Van der Waals, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding.

Intramolecular Forces

Forces within the molecule, such as pure covalent bonding and weak/strong covalent bonding.

Van der Waals Forces

Weak attractive forces between molecules resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Forces of attraction between the negative pole of one molecule and the positive pole of another.

Hydrogen Bonding

Particular types of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules where hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Boiling Point of Water vs. Methane

Water has a higher boiling point than methane due to strong polar covalent bonds within water and hydrogen bonds between water molecules, compared to weak bonds in methane.