A&P - Brain Stem to Limbic System

brain stem

Medulla oblonga, pons, and mesencephalon make up what

4th

What ventricle attaches to the medulla oblongata

All communication between brain and spinal cord runs through the medulla oblongata

true

inferior

the inferior/superior portion of the medulla oblongata is similar to the spinal cord, but is more complex

medulla oblongata

command center of autonomic reflexes and visceral function

Reticular formation and cardiovascular center

Functional groups of grey matter within the medulla oblongata

reflex centers

what are reticular formations

heart rate and strength of contraction

The cardiac part of the cardiovascular center controls what

blood flow

The vasomotor part of the cardiovascular center controls what

Respiratory rhythmicity center

pace of breathing nuclei (works with the pons)

makeup of the respiratory rhythmicity center

sensory and motor nuclei for cranial nerves CN9-CN12

sensory and motor relay stations

Gracilize and Cuneatus nuclei

somatic sensory info from body to thalamus

Solitary nuclei

visceral sensory info from body to medulla oblongata

olivary nuclei

somatic motor commands from cerebrum to cerebellum

pons

the 4th ventricle is on the dorsal aspect of what part of the brain stem

CN5-CN8

the grey matter of the pons make up what cranial nerves

apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

What is within the pons that controls respiration rate

relays them to and from the cerebellum

The grey matter of the pons does what with signals

Does the white matter of the pons (ascending and descending tracts) cross over?

yes

Where is the tectum located in the brain stem

mesencephalon

Where does the aqueduct of the midbrain run through in the brain stem?

mesencephalon

where is the reticular activating system in the brain stem

mesencephalon

helps with alertness and attentiveness

function of the reticular activating system

cerebral cortex

if the reticular activating system is inactive, what else is inactive?

Where is the tectum located in the brain stem

Mesencephalon

tectum function

auditory and visual reflexes

sensory

what type of nuclei is the Corpora quadrigemina

Where is the Corpora quadrigemina located in the brain stem

mesencephalon

Superior and Inferior colliculus

makeup of corpora quadrigemina

function of superior colliculus

receives visual info from thalamus

function of inferior colliculus

receives auditory info from medulla and pons

where is the tegmentum located in the brain stem

mesencephalon (in front of cerebral aqueduct

Red nuclei and substantia nigra

makeup of the tegmentum in the brain stem

red nuclei

connects the cerebrum and cerebellum; subconscious control of upper limbs. (found in brain stem)

substantia nigra

connects to the rest of the basal nuclei (others in cerebrum) when this is stimulated, it inhibits movement. Degenerates in parkinson’s. (found in brain stem)

peduncles

the descending fibers from cerebrum (apart of the brain stem)

The 4th ventricle on the ventral aspect is apart of what

Cerebellum

function of the the cerebellum

Coordination of adjustments that maintain balance and equilibrium

From the cerebrum

The cerebellum refines learned movement patterns by comparing motor commands (from where) with proprioception info

Smooth

Cerebrum helps makes movements ___

proprioception

Peripheral+sensory input =

Folia

Folds of the cerebellum

Primary fissure

the divider of the cerebellums anterior and posterior lobes

Vermis

Separates the cerebellum’s left and right hemisphere

Purkinji cells

The cerebellum’s cortex is made up of these

Each purkinje cell receives input from up to ____ synapses

200,000

What type of matter is the cerebellum’s correct made of

Grey matter

Sensory

___ info in the cerebellum comes from the spinal cord (white matter) to the Purkinje cells (grey matter)

Motor

___ info from brain comes from the pons (grey matter) to the Purkinje cells (grey matter)

Linking tracts

Function of puduncles

Superior peduncles

From cerebellum, connects to mesencephalon, Diencephalon and cerebrum (goes up)

Middle peduncles

From cerebellum, forms right and to axis of pons (go across)

Inferior peduncles

From cerebellum, goes to the medulla obligate (go down)

Ataxia

Responsible for disturbance in motor coordination

Makeup of the Diencephalon

Epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Anterior portion of epithalamus

This is found above 3rd ventricle, choroid plexus. Found within the Diencephalon.

Postterior portion of epithalamus

Is the pineal gland, found in the Diencephalon

Function of the pineal gland

This secretes melatonin and is responsible for day/night cycles

All sensory spinal and cranial nerves (except CN1 - olfactory) go through here before going to cerebrum

thalamus

Anterior region of the thalamus

This thalamus region is part of the limbic system in the Diencephalon

Medial region of the thalamus

This thalamus region comments the hypothalamus to frontal lobes for awareness and emotional state in the Diencephalon

ventral region of the thalamus

This region in the thalamus

• connects basal nuclei of cerebrum and cerebellum to somatic (motor) cerebral cortex

• sends somatic into to sensory area in cerebral cortex.

• Found in Diencephalon

posterior region of the thalamus

consists of pulvar, lateral geniculate, medial geniculate, and lateral

Pulvinar portion of the posterior thalamus

integrates sensory info and send it to the cerebral cortex

Lateral geniculate portion of the posterior thalamus

visual relay to superior colliculi and visual cortex

Medial geniculate portion of the posterior thalamus

auditory relay to auditory cortex

Lateral portion of the posterior thalamus

is part of the limbic system, integrates sensory info, influences emotional state

function of hypothalamus

feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating

autonomic function of the hypothalamus

coordinates with voluntary function (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion

hypothalamus’ somatic patterns

associated with emotion (rage, pain, pleasure, arousal)

infundibulum

connects hypothalamus to pituitary

coordinates nervous and endocrine function

hypothalamus

hypothalamic hormones

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and Oxytocin

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

tells the kidney to retain water

oxytocin

affects genitourinary system/mammary glands; tells them to contract

(hypotalamus) Mammillary

olfactory sensation + reflexes (licking, chewing, swallowing)

limbic

this system is associated with emotional states and motivation

links conscious and unconscious & autonomic nervous system

limbic system

is in charge of memories

limbic system

amygdala

attaches emotional significance to sensory input (in the limbic system)

limbic lobe

gyri along corpus callosum/lateral ventricles

hippocamus

this is located within the limbic lobe