Nervous System Study Guide

what is a

dendrite

what is b

nucleus

what is c

cell body

what is d

axon

what is e

myelin sheath

what is f

axon terminal

what is a

frontal lobe

what is b

insula

what is c

temporal lobe

what is d

parietal lobe

what is e

occipital lobe

where is the cutaneous sensory area

parietal lobe

where is the visual sensory area

occipital lobe

where is the auditrory sensory area

temporal lobe

where is the taste sensory area

base of center sulcus

where is the sensory area for smell

medial aspect of temporal lobe

frontal lobe association areas

• concentration

• planning

• problem solving

Parietal lobe association areas

• understanding speech

• Choosing words for expression

Temporal lobe association areas

• complex sensory information

• Music

• Memories

• Complex patterns

Occipital lobe association areas

analyze and combine visual images with sensory experiences

What is controlled by the left hemisphere

• reading/writing

• Verbal skills

• Analytical/computational skills

What is controlled by the right hemisphere

• nonverbal motor tasks

• Understanding music/visual patterns

• Emotional/intuitive thought processes

How are short term memories converted into long term memories

Memory consolidation

• working memory

• Closed neuronal circuit

• Circuit is stimulated over and over

• When impulse flow ceases, so does memory

Short term memory

• changes structure/function of neurons

• Enhances synaptic function

Long term memory

• frontal lobe

• Controls voluntary muscles

Primary motor areas

Controls muscles needed for speech

Broca’s area

Received all sensory impulses; gateway for sensory impulses to cerebral cortex

Thalamus

Maintains homeostasis through visceral activities; links nervous and endocrine system

Hypothalamus

Controls emotions, produces feelings, interrupts sensory information

Limbic system

Parts of the brain stem

• midbrain

• Pons

• Medulla oblongata

• between diencephalon and pons

• Contains bundles of fibers that join brain stem and spinal cord with higher parts of the brain

• Centers for visual and auditory reflexes

Midbrain

• between midbrain and medulla oblongata

• Rounded bulge

• Regulates rate and depth of breathing

• Relays info from the medulla oblongata to the cerebellum

Pons

• enlarged continuation of the spinal cord

• Relays info between the brain and spinal cord

• Has cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers

• Various non vital reflex control centers

Medulla oblongata

• interprets sensory information and depth perception

• Help maintain posture

• Coordination of skeletal muscle

Cerebellum

has unmyelinated axons

Gray matter

The potential difference (-70 mv) across the membrane of a resting neuron

• no gates are open

• No movement of ions

• No action potential

Resting membrane potential

has myelinated axons

White matter

sodium-potassium pump running, inside of cell becomes less negative, -70mv → 30mv

depolarization

cell wants to regain negativity and go back to resting membrane potential, 30mv → -70 mv

repolarization

gates stay open too long, allows an overshoot of negativity, -80mv

hyperpolarization

• helps with repolarization/regaining negativity

• restores original ionic conditions

sodium-potassium pump

• prevents the neuron from generating an action potential

• ensures every action potential is seperate

• enforce one way transmission of nerve impulses

absolute refractory period

• interval following absolute refractory period

• Na+ gates are closed

• K+ gates are open

• repolarization is occuring

relative refractory period

major motor chemical

ACH

neurotransmitter for sensory/motor neuron connections

amino acids

enzyme that breaks down ACH

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

cell in nervous tissues that sends electrical impulses

neuron

cell in nervous tissue that supports the neuron

glial/neuroglial

brings in/receives info from 5 senses to deliver to CNS

sensory/afferent division

contains somatic and autonomic nervous system

motor/efferent division

prodcues myelin on peripheral nerves

• aid in repairing damaged myelin

• promotes increased speed with neurotransmission

schwann cells

found in CNS

• produces/repairs myelin

• same function as schwann cell

oligodendrocyte

channels that are always open

passive/leakage channels

open when a specific neurotransmitter arrives/binds

chemically gated channels

open/close in response to an action impulse/change in charge across the membrane because of ions

voltage-gated channels

the larger the axon diameter, the _______

faster the impulse

fluid filled space seperating the presynaptic/postsynaptic neurons, maintains the impulse when traveling

synaptic cleft

• dura mater: outermost

• arachnoid: medial

• pia mater: deepest layer

• protect the central nervous system

meninges

cerebrospinalfluid filled cavities

ventricles

connects hemispheres of brain

corpus collosum

pairing different thoughts with feelings/emotions

memory consolidation

make up the diencephelon

thalamus and hypothalamus

what pairs with the basal nuclei

gray matter