Nervous System Study Guide

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64 Terms

1
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<p>what is a </p>

what is a

dendrite

2
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<p>what is b </p>

what is b

nucleus

3
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<p>what is c </p>

what is c

cell body

4
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<p>what is d </p>

what is d

axon

5
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<p>what is e </p>

what is e

myelin sheath

6
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<p>what is f </p>

what is f

axon terminal

7
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<p>what is a </p>

what is a

frontal lobe

8
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<p>what is b </p>

what is b

insula

9
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<p>what is c</p>

what is c

temporal lobe

10
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<p>what is d </p>

what is d

parietal lobe

11
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<p>what is e</p>

what is e

occipital lobe

12
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where is the cutaneous sensory area

parietal lobe

13
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where is the visual sensory area

occipital lobe

14
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where is the auditrory sensory area

temporal lobe

15
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where is the taste sensory area

base of center sulcus

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where is the sensory area for smell

medial aspect of temporal lobe

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frontal lobe association areas

  • concentration

  • planning

  • problem solving

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Parietal lobe association areas

  • understanding speech

  • Choosing words for expression

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Temporal lobe association areas

  • complex sensory information

  • Music

  • Memories

  • Complex patterns

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Occipital lobe association areas

analyze and combine visual images with sensory experiences

21
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What is controlled by the left hemisphere

  • reading/writing

  • Verbal skills

  • Analytical/computational skills

22
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What is controlled by the right hemisphere

  • nonverbal motor tasks

  • Understanding music/visual patterns

  • Emotional/intuitive thought processes

23
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How are short term memories converted into long term memories

Memory consolidation

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  • working memory

  • Closed neuronal circuit

  • Circuit is stimulated over and over

  • When impulse flow ceases, so does memory

Short term memory

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  • changes structure/function of neurons

  • Enhances synaptic function

Long term memory

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  • frontal lobe

  • Controls voluntary muscles

Primary motor areas

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Controls muscles needed for speech

Broca’s area

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Received all sensory impulses; gateway for sensory impulses to cerebral cortex

Thalamus

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Maintains homeostasis through visceral activities; links nervous and endocrine system

Hypothalamus

30
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Controls emotions, produces feelings, interrupts sensory information

Limbic system

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Parts of the brain stem

  • midbrain

  • Pons

  • Medulla oblongata

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  • between diencephalon and pons

  • Contains bundles of fibers that join brain stem and spinal cord with higher parts of the brain

  • Centers for visual and auditory reflexes

Midbrain

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  • between midbrain and medulla oblongata

  • Rounded bulge

  • Regulates rate and depth of breathing

  • Relays info from the medulla oblongata to the cerebellum

Pons

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  • enlarged continuation of the spinal cord

  • Relays info between the brain and spinal cord

  • Has cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers

  • Various non vital reflex control centers

Medulla oblongata

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  • interprets sensory information and depth perception

  • Help maintain posture

  • Coordination of skeletal muscle

Cerebellum

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has unmyelinated axons

Gray matter

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The potential difference (-70 mv) across the membrane of a resting neuron

  • no gates are open

  • No movement of ions

  • No action potential

Resting membrane potential

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has myelinated axons

White matter

39
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sodium-potassium pump running, inside of cell becomes less negative, -70mv → 30mv

depolarization

40
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cell wants to regain negativity and go back to resting membrane potential, 30mv → -70 mv

repolarization

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gates stay open too long, allows an overshoot of negativity, -80mv

hyperpolarization

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  • helps with repolarization/regaining negativity

  • restores original ionic conditions

sodium-potassium pump

43
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  • prevents the neuron from generating an action potential

  • ensures every action potential is seperate

  • enforce one way transmission of nerve impulses

absolute refractory period

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  • interval following absolute refractory period

  • Na+ gates are closed

  • K+ gates are open

  • repolarization is occuring

relative refractory period

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major motor chemical

ACH

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neurotransmitter for sensory/motor neuron connections

amino acids

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enzyme that breaks down ACH

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

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cell in nervous tissues that sends electrical impulses

neuron

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cell in nervous tissue that supports the neuron

glial/neuroglial

50
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brings in/receives info from 5 senses to deliver to CNS

sensory/afferent division

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contains somatic and autonomic nervous system

motor/efferent division

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prodcues myelin on peripheral nerves

  • aid in repairing damaged myelin

  • promotes increased speed with neurotransmission

schwann cells

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found in CNS

  • produces/repairs myelin

  • same function as schwann cell

oligodendrocyte

54
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channels that are always open

passive/leakage channels

55
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open when a specific neurotransmitter arrives/binds

chemically gated channels

56
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open/close in response to an action impulse/change in charge across the membrane because of ions

voltage-gated channels

57
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the larger the axon diameter, the _______

faster the impulse

58
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fluid filled space seperating the presynaptic/postsynaptic neurons, maintains the impulse when traveling

synaptic cleft

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  • dura mater: outermost

  • arachnoid: medial

  • pia mater: deepest layer

  • protect the central nervous system

meninges

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cerebrospinalfluid filled cavities

ventricles

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connects hemispheres of brain

corpus collosum

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pairing different thoughts with feelings/emotions

memory consolidation

63
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make up the diencephelon

thalamus and hypothalamus

64
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what pairs with the basal nuclei

gray matter