Effective Persuasive Speech Strategies & Visual Aids in Public Speaking

What is Monroe's Motivated Sequence used for?

Persuasive speech only, seeking immediate action.

- no question of options. never pick

- specific purpose : one sentence

- general purpose: two words (to persuade)

- no passing out handbooks

- needs to be effort, age is a huge factor

What is the first step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Attention: gain the attention of the audience.

What is the second step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Need: show the need for change.

What is the third step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Satisfaction: provide a solution to the change.

What is the fourth step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Visualization: intensify desire for the solution by visualizing its benefits.

What is the fifth step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Action: urge the audience to take action in supporting the solution.

central idea for persuasive speech?

do this- to solve- this problem

What is the difference between persuasive and informative speeches?

Persuasive speeches aim to 'take action', while informative speeches focus on 'facts'.

What are the five advantages of using visual aids?

Clarity, interest, retention, credibility, and persuasiveness.

tips: only show what you are talking about, eliminate distractions.

how to design visual aid?

- 6x6 rule: No more than six lines of text with six words per line.

- font (large to easily see)

- one sentence per line

consistency, symbols, indention, capitalize, bold, spacing

What is a problem-solution order in speech organization?

A method where the first main point addresses the existence and severity of a problem.

should you write on a board while presenting?

no, preparing in advance is important so writing on a board is a no because you can't write and talk at the same time.

what are the most effective kinds of visual aids?

Objects and models , Photographs and drawings are the mot effective way to show with powerpoint (make large enough to see)

why should we use graphs?

-for complex numbers: most common-line graph

-pie graph: illustrating distribution patterns

- bar graph: comparing two or more items

when should we use charts?

summarizing large blocks of information, biggest mistake is including too much information, make another if its too much information

when should we use videos?

can do harm to presentation if not done right make sure- not long, cued where you want it, and edit so it blends with speech

speaker as visual aid?

use your own body as visual aid

when should we use powerpoints?

integrate a variety of visual aids, make eye contact and do not read off powerpoint

what are guidelines for preparing visual aids?

- Prepare visual aids well in advance.

- Keep visual aids simple.

- Make sure visual aids are large(visible) enough.

- Use a limited amount of text.

- Use fonts effectively.

- Use Color effectively.

- Use images strategically.

what are guidelines for presenting a visual aid?

- display visual aid where listeners can see them

- avoid passing visual aids among he audience (keep attention on you)

- display visual aids only while discussing them (adding blank slides)

- explain visual aids clearly and concisely (describe major features)

- talk to your audience not your visual aid (easy to break eye contact)

- practice with your visual aids, check the room and equipment

what is an informative speech?

educating the audience by using facts, evidence to establish credibility

What are the types of informative speeches?

Event, processes, speeches about objects, and speeches about people.

what is the definition of an event speech?

- anything that happens or is regarded as happening

- chronological order for a history event

- topical order for approaching event from different angles (features, origins, implications, benefits for future developments)

What is the definition of a process speech?

A speech explaining a systematic series of actions that lead to specific results or products.

- speech about processes explaining how something is made, how something is done, or how something works

what are the two types of process speeches?

1. explain a process so that listeners will understand it better

2. explain a process so listeners will be better able to perform the process themselves; may require visual aid, concise organization is especially important in speeches about processes chronological order

What is the definition of an object speech?

A speech about anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form.

- focus on specific purpose that focuses on one aspect of your subject

- remember to limit your speech between 2-5 main points

- keep main points separate, try to use same pattern of wording for all main points

- balance the amount of time devoted to each main point

what is statistics?

statistics could be manipulated to show stats with visual aids.

- its numerical data used in combination to show magnitude or seriousness of an issue, make sure your statistics are representative of what they claim to measure.

What are the three statistical measures?

Mean (average)

median (middle number)

mode (most frequent number)

What are some tips you should be aware of when using statistics?

Possible bias in the use of numbers.

- use statistics to quantify your ideas, use statistics sparingly, identify the sources of your statistics, explain your statistics, round off complicated numbers and use visual aids to clarify statistical trends.

What is a brief example?

a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point or pile them one upon the other until you create the desired impression.

what is an extended example?

a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point

what is a hypothetical example?

an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation; creates a realistic scenario to involve listener.

What are some tips of using examples in speeches?

To clarify your idea, use examples to reinforce your ides, use examples to personalize your ideas, make your examples vivid and richly textured, practice delivery to enhance your extended examples

what is an expert testimony?

(quotations or paraphrases used to support a point)

- testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields; good for credibility an if a topic is controversial/ audience skeptical of speaker pov

what is a peer testimony?

testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic, important for personal viewpoint/ genuine experience

what is a direct quote?

testimony presented word for word, quote when they are brief, convey your meaning better than you can/ or particularly compelling

what is paraphrasing?

to restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words, better than a quote when then quote is cumbersome or longer than 2-3 sentences.

what are some tip in examples?

quote/ paraphrase accurately, use testimony from qualified sources, use testimony from unbiased sources, identify the people you quote/ paraphrase?

when should you cite sources orally?

tell audience enough so they know where you got the information and why they should accept is as qualified, identify:

- book, magazine, newspaper or web document you cite, author/sponsor organization of document, author qualification and date documents published

What is a representative sample?

a sample that resembles the population

- needs to be effort, age is huge factor?

What is stereotyping in audience analysis?

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people.

What is mental dialogue with the audience?

The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a speech.

What does the psychology of the audience imply for speakers?

Speakers must make their message relevant to the audience's values and beliefs.

a speech always has 2 messages- one sent by speaker and one received by listener.

- people are egocentric (tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs and well-being)

what do these psychological principles mean to you as a speaker?

1. your listener will hear and judge what you say on the basis of your message to listener

2. you must relate message to your listener

what is demographic audience analysis

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background

what are the two steps in demographic audience analysis?

1. identifying the general demographic feature of your audience and gauging the importance of those features to a particular speaking situation

2. avoid stereotyping: age- no age group is monolithic, gender- refer to both not just he or she, religion- cant assume religion or sexual orientation.

what is situational audience analysis?

audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion

what are the types of persuasive speech?

policy/fact/value

- the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing peoples belief or action.

What is a question of fact in persuasive speaking?

clear, obvious, true.

- A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.

- informative: nonpartisan

- persuasive: partisan- speaker acts as advocate, usually - organized topically, speaker purpose limited to persuade the audience to accept a particular view of facts.

court trial used.

What is a question of value?

why do i value that?

- A question about the worth or morality of an idea or action.

- judgement: based on a person's belief about what is right or wrong, justify your claim, establish your standard, usually organized topically, you just make sure to justify your judgement against some identifiable standard?

what might they argue back?

What is a question of policy?

penalty what to do?

- A question about whether a specific course of action should be taken.

- speech to gain passive agreement: speech to convince audience that a policy is desirable without encouraging audience to take action in support.

what are tips for persuasive speech types?

witness, punishment, how long they get. anytime it says SHOULD it is policy. two types: 'That' questions (specific actions) and 'to' questions (immediate actions).