APUSH: Unit 12

Prop 13 (1978)

capped property taxes at 1% of purchase price and required a vote of the people to raise any taxes

Reaganomics

The federal economic polices of the Reagan administration, elected in 1981. These policies combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side tax cuts, and domestic budget cutting. Their goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth.

SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative)

Reagan's proposed missile-defense system; featured orbiting battle stations in space that could fire laser beams to vaporize intercontinental missiles on liftoff; popularly known as "Star Wars", Reagan described it as an "astrodome" shield over America; scientifically impossible and astronomically expensive, the initiative was part of Reagan's plan to force the Soviets' hand.

Glasnost and Perestroika

policy that was introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev which means openness in 1985. He supported the Soviet citizens to talk about ways to improved their living environment. In 1985, he imported the idea of _____, which means economic restructuring. This was tried in 1986.

INF Treaty, 1988

Treaty between the US and Russia to limit the number of intermediate range missiles each side owns. A positive sign that the Cold War was ending.

Iran-Contra Affair

(RR) Americans kidnapped in Beirut by Iranian govt, so deal, scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected, Poindexter and North involved

Moral Majority (1979)

Political action committee founded by Jerry Falwell to promote traditional Christian values and oppose feminism, abortion, and gay rights. The group was a major linchpin in the resurgent religious rights of the 1980s.

Operation Desert Storm (1991)

U.S.-led multi-country military engagement in January and February of 1991 that drove Saddam Hussein's Iraqi army out of neighboring Kuwait. In addition to presaging the longer and more protracted Iraq War of the 2000s, the 1991 war helped undo what some called the "Vietnam Syndrome," a feeling of military uncertainty that plagued many Americans. (1050)

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Major anti-discrimination law for disabled; requires access (ramps, braille, etc.); unfunded mandate

Saddam Hussein

President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. Waged war on Iran in 1980-1988. In 1990 he ordered an invasion of Kuwait but was defeated by United States and its allies in the Gulf War (1991). Defeated by US led invasion in 2003.

Jerry Falwell

Leader of the Religious Right Fundamentalist Christians, a group that supported Reagan; rallying cry was "family values", anti-abortion, favored prayer in schools

Sandra Day O'Connor (1981)

appointed by President Reagan as the first woman associate justice of the US Supreme Court in 1981

Clarence Thomas

This man was an African American jurist, and a strict critic of affirmative action. He was nominated by George H. W. Bush to be on the Supreme Court in 1991, and shortly after was accused of sexual harassment by Anita Hill. Hearings were reopened, and he became the second African American to hold a seat in the Supreme Court.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.

"Don't Ask Don't Tell"

Clinton managed to gain support for a compromise measure under which homosexual servicemen and servicewomen could remain in the military if they did not openly declare their sexual orientation

Columbine

In 1999, two students in Littleton, Colorado, brought weapons to school and killed 12 students and wounded many others before killing themselves. The tragedy was one of seven such shootings in the US that year, and led to changes in gun control, school safety measures, and the monitoring of media violence. Shows how one case study can have powerful, unnecessary and dangerous effects.

Oklahoma City Bombing

1995

*Timothy McVeigh destroyed the Oklahoma City Federal Building with a fertilizer bomb

*168 people were killed in the destruction caused by the explosion

Contract with America (1994)

Newt Gingrich (Republican congressman) planned for success of Republican party in upcoming election by pledging tax cuts, congressional term limits, tougher crime laws, balanced budget amendment, popular reforms &c.

Welfare Reform Bill

Signed by Clinton in 1995 and it replaced a restriction under which you could collect welfare if you could prove that you were looking for a job. They also limited the months in which you could collect the welfare

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

An agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico

WTO (World Trade Organization)

the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations

Clinton's Impeachment (1998-99)

House of representatives impeached him for perjury and obstruction of justice.

USA Patriot Act (2001)

Legislation passed shortly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, that granted broad surveillance and detention authority to the government.

Dept. of Homeland Security (2002)

-border and transportation security

-emergency preparedness and response

-chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear defense

-information analysis and infrastructure protection

Guantanamo Detention Camp

Controversial prison facility constructed after the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. Located on territory occupied by the U.S. military, but not technically part of the United States, the facility serves as an extra-legal holding area for suspected terrorists.

Abu Ghraib prison

Prison in Iraq made famous by revelation of photos taken by Army Reserve MP guards in the acts of humiliating and torturing prisoners

Hurricane Katrina (2005)

The costliest and one of the deadliest hurricanes in American history, killing nearly 2000. Ravaged the Gulf Coast, particularly New Orleans in August 2005. Levees broke and flooded some of the poorest wards in the city. A late response by local and federal authorities led to criticism of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

WMD (weapons of mass destruction)

Nuclear, chemical or biological weapons

Economic Globalization

The increasing integration and interdependence of national economies around the world

9/11/2001

·The terrorist attack on the world trade center in NYC

·america in the world

·World Trade Center

Tea Party

A Conservative political movement in the US that opposes government spending and taxes

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

health care reform law passed in 2010 that includes incentives and penalties for employers providing health insurance as a benefit

Occupy Wall Street

A recent social movement that promotes protests and political activism against income inequality and corporate greed.