HAP Chapter 9

What is hypercecretion

When to many hormones are secreted

Hyposecretion

When not enough hormones are secreted

Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems

Nervous: its fast and has short term effects

Endocrine: Uses hormons and is slower. The effects last longer

Difference between lipid-soluble and water soluble hormones

Water → amino acids

Lipid-soluable → sterioids

Function and hormon secreted of the hypothalamus

• controls the pitiuritary gland, brain stem, spinal cord, emitons, body temp, food intake, thirst, and sleep/wake cycles

Function and hormone secreted of the pitiuitary gland

• Melatonin

• Sleep/wake cycles

Function and hormone secreted of the islets of langerhans (location)

• Group of cells in the pancreas

• Produces insulin/glucagon

Function and hormone secreted of the anterior pituitary

• Bellow cerebellum

• Thyroxine, Melanin

• Stimultes adrenal glands, bone/muscle growth, and breast milk

Function and hormone secreted of the thymus

• Near sternum

• Thymopietin, thymic, and thymosin

Function and hormone secreted of the gonads

• Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

• Maturing of the reproductive cycle, organs, breast development, cycle, and sex characteristcs (girls)

• Reproductive organs and sperm (males)

Function and what secretes calcitonin

• Thyroid

• Reduces calcium levels in the blood

Function and what secretes parathyroid hormone

• Parathyroid

• Raises calcium levels in the blood

Function and what secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone

• Anterior pituitary

• Provides melanin

Function and what secretes antidueretic hormone

• posterior pituitary

• Increases water retention in the kidneys, which lowers urination

Follicle stimulating hormone

• Anterior pituitary

• Egg/sperm production

Oxytocin

• posterior pituitary

• Contraction of the uterus during birth

• Promotes breast milk production

Progesterone

• Gonads

• Breast development and menstural cycle regulation

Lutenizing hormone

• Gonads

• Releases sex hormones

Glucagon

• Islets of langerhans

• Raises blood glucose levels

Growth hormone

• anterior pituitary

• muscle and bone growth

Epinephrine

• adrenal glands

• regulates fight or flight response

• Raises heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow, and O2

Melatonin

• Pineal gland

• Rises during the day, lowers in the night (controls sleep/wake cyles)

Describe the 3 ways to avtive endorcine glands, and provide examples for each.

• Hormonal: Glands are encouraged by hormones secreted by other

  glands (Hypothalamus stimulates pituitary)

• Humoral: Levels of nutrients and ions in the blood can cause glands to

  secrete hormones (Blood calcium levels stimulate parathyroid glands)

• Neural: Nerve impulses cause glands to secrete hormones. (nervous system during stress causes release of epinephrine from adrenal glands.)

How does a hormone know which cells to affect

The target cells have receptors for specific hormones

Hormones secreted by the anterior pitiuitary

THyroid stimulating hormone, ATCH, growth hormone, melancyte stimulating horomone, prolaction, gonadotropins

Horomones screted by the posterior pituitary

Vasopressin and oxytocin

Acromegaly and gigantisim

Rsults from hypersecretioon of the growth hormone. Most often caused by a tumor that results in large hands and feet

Cushing syndrome

Results from hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal glands. Sometimes causes from overproducion of ATCH. Symptons are weight gain, fatty depostis, thinning skin that bruises easy

Goiter

Affects the thyroid gland, Swelling in the face, lips, eyelids, and tongue, swelling and thicking of skin, low pressure and heart rate, spare or britle hair, cold intolerance

Addsons disease

Hypersecretion of corisol. Muscle weakness, fatigue, darkening of skin, weight los, decrease in the heart rate and blood pressure

Diabetes insipidus

Hyposecretion or inablity to respond to antiduertic hromone, Frequent need to pass diluted ruine, ecessive thst, and dehydration

Cogenutal hypothyrodism

Hyposecretion of thyroid glance. occurs in infants. Lack of weight gain, stunted growth, fatigue, lethargy, poor feeding, abnormal bone gowth and facial featues, mental dissabilites

Define and contrats the differnece between endocrine and exocrine glands. Provide examples for each and the organ that has the same function

Endocrine: Slow but long lasting, ductless (thyroid)

Exocrine: Short and fast, ducts (sweat glands)

Both: Pancreas

Study diagram 2x