CH24

d. It generates large quantities of oxygen that kill anaerobic pathogens.

Which of the following is NOT a way the normal microbiota of the intestine helps to prevent infection?

a. It produces acids that lower the pH of the stomach.

b. It speeds up the process by which microbes are flushed from the digestive tract.

c. It consumes food and occupies space, outcompeting potential pathogens.

d. It generates large quantities of oxygen that kill anaerobic pathogens.

a. Diverse species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, especially Bacteroides and Firmicutes bacteria

What types of microbes live in the intestines?

a. Diverse species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, especially Bacteroides and Firmicutes bacteria

b. A narrow range of bacteria, especially Firmicutes

c. A narrow range of bacteria and fungi, especially Bacteroides

d. Archaea and fungi only

b. Streptococcus mutans

What pathogen is the most important contributor to biofilms in plaque?

a. Staphylococcus aureus

b. Streptococcus mutans

c. Escherichia coli

d. Clostridium difficile

c. a fungus

What type of organism causes thrush?

a. a bacterium

b. a virus

c. a fungus

d. a protozoan

c. the parotid glands

In mumps, what glands swell to produce the disease’s characteristic appearance?

a. the sublingual glands

b. the gastric glands

c. the parotid glands

d. the submandibular glands

b. Infection is generally self-limiting.

Which of the following is true of HSV-1?

a. It causes oral thrush in immunocompromised patients.

b. Infection is generally self-limiting.

c. It is a bacterium.

d. It is usually treated with amoxicillin.

c. EHEC

Which type of E. coli infection can be severe with life-threatening consequences such as hemolytic uremic syndrome?

a. ETEC

b. EPEC

c. EHEC

d. EIEC

c. S. dysenteriae

Which species of Shigella has a type that produces Shiga toxin?

a. S. boydii

b. S. flexneri

c. S. dysenteriae

d. S. sonnei

b. Vibrio cholera

Which type of bacterium produces an A-B toxin?

a. Salmonella

b. Vibrio cholera

c. ETEC

d. Shigella dysenteriae

a. HDV

Which form of hepatitisvirus can only infect an individual who is already infected with another hepatitisvirus?

a. HDV

b. HAV

c. HBV

d. HEV

d. Noroviruses

Which cause of viral gastroenteritis commonly causes projectile vomiting?

a. hepatitisvirus

b. Astroviruses

c. Rotavirus

d. Noroviruses

d. Entamoeba histolytica

Which protozoan is associated with the ability to cause severe dysentery?

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Cryptosporidium hominis

c. Cyclospora cayetanesis

d. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cyclospora cayetanesis

Which protozoan has a unique appearance, with a blue halo, when viewed using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy?

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Cryptosporidium hominis

c. Cyclospora cayetanesis

d. Entamoeba histolytica

a. Giardia lamblia

The micrograph shows protozoans attached to the intestinal wall of a gerbil. Based on what you know about protozoan intestinal parasites, what is it?

Figure 24.41 (credit: Dr. Stan Erlandsen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Cryptosporidium hominis

c. Cyclospora cayetanesis

d. Entamoeba histolytica

b. whipworm

What is another name for Trichuris trichiura?

a. pinworm

b. whipworm

c. hookworm

d. ascariasis

a. pinworm

Which type of helminth infection can be diagnosed using tape?

a. pinworm

b. whipworm

c. hookworm

d. tapeworm

Large intestine or colon

The part of the gastrointestinal tract with the largest natural microbiota is the _________.

tartar

When plaque becomes heavy and hardened, it is called dental calculus or _________.

Clostridium difficile

Antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis is caused by _________.

bilirubin

Jaundice results from a buildup of _________.

giardia

Chronic _________ infections cause the unique sign of disease of greasy stool and are often resistant to treatment.

bile

Liver flukes are often found in the _________ duct.