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1565-1898
How long was the Spanish Colonial period?
Strict Government Control, Heavy censorship
Characterization of the Spanish Colonial Period
Loss of Ideological control and Spread of Revolution
Print media alarmed authorities due to these
Church and State
Controlling body of publications
Strict Oversight of publications
Because print media was alarming authorities, the church and state
Del Superior Gobierno
First newspaper in the Philippines
Spanish Governor General
Editor of Del Superior Gobierno
Local Spanish Elites
Audience of Del Superior Gobierno
Spain News, Ignoring major local events
Contents of Del Superior Gobierno
Tool of Colonial administration
Function of Del Superior Gobierno
Literary, Satire and Sarcasm, Foreign Events
Editorial content of Early Colonial Press
Newspapers avoided political topics
Done to avoid censorship
La Esperanza
A censored publication that focused on religion, science, and history
Diario de Manila
A censored publication that was considered one of the best-edited newspapers, but was later accused of inciting rebellion
Rise of the Free Press
Emerged through Nationalistic newspapers
Europe and Philippines
Where was nationalistic newspapers published?
Educated Filipino Elite or Ilustrados
Writers of the free press newspapers
Ilustrados
Educated Filipino Elite
Raise consciousness, Expose oppression, Advocate peace
Purpose of the nationalistic newspapers
La Solidaridad
Fortnightly newspaper that was published in Spain
La Solidaridad
Official organ of the Propaganda Movement
Social and economic reforms, Liberalism, Democracy, Peace
La Solidaridad advocated these
Jose Rizal
Journalist and National hero
Jose Rizal
His writings triggered the Philippine Revolution
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Leading propagandist
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Used journalism to fight for political freedom
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Organizer of the Propaganda Movement
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Influential journalist in Europe
Antonio Luna
Journalist advocating reforms
Mariano Ponce
Ilustrado journalist and organizer
Juan Luna
Communicated Filipino identity through Art
Non-Violent Strategy, Expose Exploitation, Demand Independence
Use of Journalism
Media’s Political Power
Propaganda journalism demonstrated this
Andres Bonifacio
Founder of the Katipunan
Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa and Original Kartilya
Contributions of Andres Bonifacio
Kalayaan (Liberty)
Revolutionary newspaper of Andres
Andres Bonifacio
Made it so that Katipunan members grew from 300 to 30 000 (due to Kalayaan)
Revised the Kartilya
Emilio Jacinto
La Independencia
Mostly widely read revolutionary newspapers
La Independencia, La Libertad, El Heraldo de iloilo
Other revolutionary publications.
Expression and Weapon for Freedom
Media functioned as these during the era
Underground publications, Talinhaga, Performative media
Resistance used when media was surpressed.
Strong Nationalistic Journalism, Influenced future struggles for Philippine independence
Legacy of this era’s media