Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, based on the lecture notes provided.

What are the two main fluid compartments of the body?

Extracellular compartment and intracellular compartment.

What is the average daily intake of water for the body?

Approximately 2500 mL/24 hours.

What are the primary components of extracellular fluid?

High concentrations of Na+ (sodium), Cl– (chloride), and HCO3 – (bicarbonate).

What fluid imbalance refers to a deficiency of body water?

Dehydration.

What fluid imbalance involves fluid retention due to intake being greater than output?

Edema.

What regulates pH in the body?

Three mechanisms: buffers, respiratory system, and kidneys.

What is hypernatremia?

Excess sodium (Na+) in the blood.

What is hypokalemia?

Insufficient potassium (K+) in the blood.

What range constitutes normal blood pH?

7.35 to 7.45.

What is the primary regulator of calcium levels in the body?

Parathyroid hormone.

What occurs during respiratory acidosis?

Decreased effectiveness of the respiratory system leads to increased CO2 and decreased pH.

What role do buffers play in the acid-base balance?

They minimize changes in pH by either donating or removing H+ ions.

What is the significance of the term 'third spacing' in fluid distribution?

It refers to excess fluid in spaces from which it is not easily absorbed, which can be life-threatening.

What is the result of a metabolic alkalosis?

An increase in pH caused by non-respiratory disorders.

What condition is caused by prolonged hypoventilation?

Respiratory acidosis.

What are the symptoms of hypovolemia?

Decline in blood volume and blood pressure.