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What are the basic colors of a map, and what does each color represent?
Black - Indicates cultural (man-made) features such as buildings and roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels.
Red-Brown - The colors red and brown are combined to identify cultural features, all relief features, non-surveyed spot elevations, and elevation, such as contour lines on red-light readable maps.
Blue - Identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes, swamps, rivers, and drainage.
Green - Identifies vegetation with military significance, such as woods, orchards, and vineyards.
Brown - Identifies all relief features and elevation, such as contours on older edition maps, and cultivated land on red-light readable maps.
Red - Classifies cultural features, such as populated areas, main roads, and boundaries, on older maps.
Other - Occasionally other colors may be used to show special information. These are indicated in the marginal information as a rule.
Where is the Legend of the map found?
Lower left margin
What are contour lines?
Imaginary lines on the ground connecting equal elevation, they represent high and low ground elevation
What are 3 types of contour lines?
Index
Intermediate
Supplementary
How many Mils are in one Degree?
17.7 mils
How many North's are there on a military map?
True north
Magnetic north
Grid north
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a hill?
A hill is shown on a map by contour lines forming concentric circles. The inside of the smallest closed circle is the hilltop.
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a saddle?
A saddle is normally represented as an hourglass
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a valley?
Contour lines forming a valley are either U-shaped or V-shaped.
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a Ridge?
Contour lines forming a ridge tend to be U-shaped or V-shaped. The closed end of the contour line points away from high ground.
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a depression?
Usually only depressions that are equal to or greater than the contour interval will be shown. On maps, depressions are represented by closed contour lines that have tick marks pointing toward low ground.
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a draw?
The contour lines depicting a draw are U-shaped or V-shaped, pointing toward high ground.
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a spur?
Contour lines on a map depict a spur with the U or V pointing away from high ground
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a cliff?
Cliffs are also shown by contour lines very close together and, in some instances, touching each other.
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a cut?
This contour line extends the length of the cut and has tick marks that extend from the cut line to the roadbed, if the map scale permits this level of detail.
What shape are the contour lines that indicate a fill?
This contour line extends the length of the filled area and has tick marks that point toward lower ground. If the map scale permits, the length of the fill tick marks are drawn to scale and extend from the base line of the fill symbol.
What must be done to a map before it can be used?
It must be oriented.
What are 5 major terrain features found on a map?
Hill
Ridge
Valley
Saddle
Depression
What are the 3 minor terrain features found on a military map?
Draw
Spur
Cliff
What are the 2 supplementary terrain features found on a military map?
Cut
Fill
What is an azimuth?
A horizontal angle, measured in a clockwise manner from a north base line, expressing direction.
What is vertical distance?
The distance between the highest and lowest points measured.
What is a contour interval?
The vertical distance between adjacent contour lines on a map.
How many mils are there in a circle?
6400 mils in 360 degrees
Which north is used when using a military map?
Magnetic north when using a compass, and grid north when using the map
How would you hold a lensatic compass?
Away from metal (weapons, electrical devices), level and firm
Name two ways to hold a compass.
Compass-to-Cheek Method
Center-Hold Method
Are topographic symbols drawn to scale?
No
What is Back Azimuth?
The opposite direction of an azimuth.
How do you figure out a back azimuth?
To obtain a back azimuth from an azimuth, add 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or less subtract 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or more
What is a declination diagram?
Shows the angular relationship between the magnetic north, grid north and true north
What is the general rule for reading military grid coordinates?
Right and Up
How many sights does a compass have?
2
What is a benchmark?
A man-made marker showing points of elevation
Large cities on a map are represented by what color?
Black
Name two ways to orient a map.
Use a compass, and/or terrain association
The arrow on a compass always points what direction?
Magnetic north
What is longitude?
Imaginary lines that run north to south, measures your horizontal placement
What is latitude?
Imaginary lines that run east to west, measures your vertical placement
What s a topographic map?
Portrays terrain and land forms in a measurable way as well as horizontal features of the positions represented
What does the term intersection mean?
Finding the location of an unknown point by sighting two or more known points
Why is a map so important?
When used correctly, a map can give you accurate distances, locations and heights, best routes key terrain features and cover and concealment information.
What does the term resection mean?
Resection is the method of locating one's position on a map by determining the grid azimuth to at least two well-defined locations that can be pinpointed on the map.
If you find a symbol on a map that is unknown to you, where would you look?
The marginal data, located on the outside lower portion of the map
How many scales are there on a compass, what are they?
There are two:
Degrees
Mils
What are the 4 quadrants on a map?
Northeast
Southeast
Northwest
Southwest
What are the three elements for a land navigation process known as Dead Reckoning?
Known starting point
Known distance
Known azimuth
What is the feature that makes the lensatic compass work well at night?
The dials and needles are luminous
On a lensatic compass there are two rings, an outer black ring and an inner red ring, what are they used for?
The inner red ring is used to find degrees, and the outer black ring is used to find mils
What is a contour level?
It is the vertical distance between contour lines. The amount of the contour level is located in the Marginal Information on the map.
The border line around the edge of the map is called the what?
Neat Line
You must find at least how many known locations on a map and the actual ground in order to plot your location accurately?
At least 2
What are the three main map sizes?
Small
Medium
Large
What are two methods of measuring an azimuth?
Compass and a protractor
How close will an eight-digit grid get you to your point?
10 meters
How close will a six-digit grid coordinate get you to your point?
100 meters
What would you use on a map to measure actual ground distance?
The bar scale
How close will a four-digit grid coordinate get you to your point?
1000 meters
What is resection?
The method of locating one's position on a map by determining the location to at least two well-defined locations that can be pinpointed on the map (finding your place by using other defined locations)
What is modified resection?
method of locating one's position on the map when located on a linear feature on the ground (road, river, railroad) (the intersection of the linear feature and identifiable land feature is your position)
How do you find the elevation of a hilltop?
Add 1/2 the contour interval to the elevation of the last contour line
How do you find the elevation of a depression?
Subtract 1/2 the contour interval from the elevation of the last contour line
Note
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