Data and databases

Data

Streams of raw facts

Information

Data shaped into meaningful form

Database

Group of related tables (files)

Database components

tables /files, relationships among the rows in tables, and metadata

Table (file)

Group of related rows (records)

Row (record)

Group of related columns (fields)

Column (field)

Group of characters, words, numbers

Entity

Person, place, thing on which we store information

Attribute (metadata)

Each characteristic or quality describing the entity

key field

Field used to uniquely identify each record (row)

Relational database

Represents data as two-dimensional tables

Primary key

Field in table used for key fields, each row has a unique value

Foreign key

Primary key used in second table as look-up field to identify records from original table

Relationship diagram types

Many to many Many records are able to relate to many records across different tables EX: a student can enroll in many different courses, and a course can have many different students

One to many

One record in a table can be associated with many records in another table, but it only works one way EX: a homeroom teacher can have many students, but the students can only have one homeroom teacher

Database management system (DBMS)

Program to create, process, and administer a database Serves many applications, centralizes data, and reduces data redundancy

DBMS operations

Reading, inserting, modifying, and deleting data

DBMS referential integrity

Uses rules within relational database management system to ensure relationships between tables remain consistent

Normalization

Streamlining complex groupings of data to minimize redundant data elements and awkward many to many relationships

Business intelligence infrastructure

Data warehouse , data marts, hadoops, in-memory computing, analytical platforms

Data warehouse

Stores current and historical data from many core operational transaction systems Provides analysis and reporting tools

Data marts

A subset of data warehouse Typically focused on a single subject or line of business

Hadoop

software that Enables distributed parallel processing of big data across inexpensive computers; allows for data to be proccess and split among many computers rather than one

In-memory computing

Used in big data analysis, requiring optimized hardware, reducing hours/days of processing to seconds Uses computers main memory for data storage to avoid delays in retrieving data rather than using a seperate data storage thing

Analytic platforms

High-speed platforms using both relational and non-relational tools optimized for large databases

Big data

Massive sets of unstructured/semi-structured data from web traffic, social media, sensors and more Volume is too great for a typical DBMS Allows for more robust business intelligence

SELECT

What field you want to see

FROM

The source tables for the fields

WHERE

The operations and conditions on fields AND/OR used to combine conditions = establish relationships

ORDER BY

Used for sorting