anatomy CNS quiz

what two structures make up the CNS

brain and spinal cord

which body cavity is the central nervous system found in

dorsal

what is the function of the CNS

integrating and command center

what are the supporting cells of the CNS called

neuroglia

what is the function of astrocytes

brace and anchor neurons to nutrient supplies (capillaries)

what is the function of microglia

dispose of debris

what is the function of ependymal cells

circulate cerebrospinal fluid and cushions the CNS

what is the function of oligodendrocytes

form myelin sheaths

what is gray matter

non-myelinated fibers (cell bodies)

what is white matter

myelinated fibers (axons)

where are gray and white matter found in the brain

gray matter on top of the white matter

where are gray and white matter found in the spinal cord

white matter on the outside of gray matter

what kind of neuron is only found in the CNS

interneurons

what are the 4 regions of the brain

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

what is the function of the cerebrum

speech, memory, emotions, consciousness, movement, empathy, sympathy

what is the function of the diencephalon

relay center for impulses and controls water balance, hormones, temperature, and metabolism

what is the function of the brain stem

breathing and blood pressure

what is the function of the cerebellum

balance and coordination

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

what is the function of the frontal lobe

allows conscious movement of skeletal muscles, processes taste, produces speech, and personality

what is the function of the parietal lobe

localize and interpret sensory impulses

what is the function of the temporal lobe

processes auditory and olfactory senses, interprets speech

what are the 3 main structures of the diencephalon

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

what is the function of the thalamus

relay station for sensory impulses going to the parietal lobes

what is the function of the hypothalamus

regulates body temperature, water balance, metabolism, and the pituitary gland

what is the function of the epithalamus

regulates the limbic (emotional) system

what are the 3 main structures of the brain stem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

what is the function of the midbrain

relay center for integrating sensory input with motor responses

what is the function of the pons

regulates breathing and sleep cycles

what is the function of the medulla oblongata

controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

what is the function of the amygdala

regulates emotions and basic instincts

Where is Broca’s area

left frontal lobe

where is Wernike’s area

left temporal lobe

damage to Broca’s area causes what kind of aphasia

non-fluent/expressive aphasia (slow, effortful speech)

damage to Wernike’s area causes what kind of aphasia

fluent aphasia (words that don’t make sense, hard time understanding people)

where is the olfactory area

temporal lobe

where is the gustatory area

frontal lobe

what are the 3 meninges

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

what is the dura mater

outermost layer of the meninges; protects and supports the brain

what is the arachnoid mater

second layer of the meninges; allows cerebrospinal fluid to be reabsorbed into the blood

what is the pia mater

innermost layer of the meninges; protects and cushions the brain

what is the fissure of the brain that separates the frontal and parietal lobes

central sulcus

what is the function of the corpus callosum

allow the two hemispheres to communicate

what is the gyrus in the parietal lobe that is responsible for processing touch, pain, temperature, and body position

primary somatic sensory area

what is the gyrus in the frontal lobe that is responsible for initiating and controlling voluntary movements

primary motor area

what is the function of motor neurons

relay signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands

what is the function of sensory neurons

relay stimuli from the outside to the CNS

what is the function of interneurons

relay impulses between sensory and motor neurons

where are motor neurons locatead

mostly in the brain and spinal cord

where are sensory neurons located

throughout the body in the sensory receptors of organs

what kind of structure do motor neurons have

multipolar

what kind of structure do sensory neurons have

unipolar

what the the two organs where bipolar neurons found

eye and ear

what is the fissure that separates the right and left hemispheres called

longitudinal fissure

what are the 2 body regions that have the most sensory receptors

lips and fingertips

what is the name of the major voluntary motor tract that the axons of the primary motor area form

corticospinal tract

what are bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS called

tracts

which side of the body does the right hemisphere of the brain control

left

which side of the body does the left hemisphere of the brain control

right

what is the subarachnoid space

area that contains cerebrospinal fluid to cushion the brain