Cell Signaling and Genetics Study Guide

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a membrane

Active Transport

Movement of substances using energy (low to high concentration)

Passive Transport

Movement of substances without energy (high to low concentration)

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion

Potential Energy

Stored energy

Cellular Respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose

Enzyme

Protein that speeds up chemical reactions

Chlorophyll

Green pigment that captures light for photosynthesis

Cell Division

Process by which a cell splits into two

Chromosomes

Coiled DNA carrying genetic information

Cell Cycle

The stages a cell goes through to divide

Diploid

Cell with a full set of chromosomes (2 sets)

Haploid

Cell with half the number of chromosomes (1 set)

Genetics

Study of heredity and how traits are passed