Common Vocab

ritual (n) = routine

a way of doing sth in which the same actions are done in the same way every time.

switch off (phrasal verb)

Stop thinking about sth and paying attention in (sth) or someone

Ex: I switch off with my past, now I am just focusing on my present.

substantive (adj)

important, serious, or related to real facts.

Ex: We need the _______ sources for the project report.

sensational (adj)

causing great surprise, excitement or interest

discipline (n)

the practice or training people to obey rules and punishing them if they do not.

scholarly (adj) = academic

scholar (n)

connected with academic study

contemplate (v) = consider, think about/of

- contemplation (n)

- contemplative (adj

to spend time considering a possible future action, or to think one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way.

spasmodic (adj) = occasional, irregular, discontinuous

• spastic (n)

• spasmodically (adv)

happening suddenly for a short period of time and not in a regular way.

inequality (n) = imbalance, disparity

• inequity (n)

• inequitable (adj)

the unfair difference between groups of people in society, when some have more wealth, status or opportunities than others

impromptu (adj) = improvised, unrehearsed, unarranged

• impromptu (adv)

done or said without earlier planning or preparation

composition (n)

the way that people or things are arranged in a painting or photograph.

ex: The group of _____ in this picture has a high quality.

criticism (n) = appraisal, critique, evaluation, comment

• criticize (v)

the act of giving your opinion or judgment about the good or bad qualities of sth or someone, especially books & film

analogous (adj) = parallel, equivalent, similar

• analogy (n)

having similar features to another thing and therefore able to be compared with it

cynical (adj) = suspicious, pessimistic, misanthropist

• cynicism (n)

• cynically (adv)

not believing that sth good will happen or that sth is important or a person so negative, don’t trust anything

plumpness (n)

plumpness of skin

elasticity (n)

elasticity of skin

craving (n)=hunger (n)

a strong feeling of wanting sth

ex: I have a strong ______ with fresh tea milk

Full-blown recession

a significant, prolonged, and widespread economic downturn that affects many aspects of the economy.

Ex:Trudeau talks about the need to increase immigration after pandemic lockdowns ended in order to boost the labour market, saying the move helped avoid a _______

acquisition (n)

the process of gaining possession or control of something, often used in business contexts to refer to the purchase of one company by another.

Ex: Implement the_______ of drones, enhancing our delivery capabilities and efficiency.

Recruit (v)

Find new people to join an organization or team.

= Hire(v) = Employ(v)

ex: The HR team will _______new freshments with the skills needed for the position.

department(n)

a distinct part of an organization, typically responsible for a specific function or area of work.

interdepartmental (adj)

relating to or occurring between different departments within an organization.

queue (n)

/kjuː/

a line of people, cars, etc., waiting for something or to do something.

Ex: There were long ______ at the waiting list to buy tickets.

Liquidate (v)

To to cause a business to close, so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts.

Ex: Hudsonbay will ______ all stores in Canada, they will have a sale until June.

Cease (v)

To stop an action or condition.

Ex: Hudson bay’s all department stores _____ to exist in June.

per capita (adj,adv)

For each person

Ex: The research showed that Koreans spent 350$ ______ on purchasing luxurious items.

Outpace(v)

to go, rise, improve, etc. faster than somebody/something.

Ex: Market growth has continued to _____ expectations.

Materialistic (adj)

Believing that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life.

Ex: Some people believe that Koreans are _____ people because they were able to spend a lot of money to purchase a luxurious item.

robust (adj)

strong and healthy; solid.

ex: a robust middle class : in this case a strong and stable group of people with moderate income levels who were once a key target for department store.

polarize (v)

to cause a division or separation between opposing groups or opinions.

ex: This opinion tends to ______ the community into two distinct factions.

shrink (v) = shrunk

to become smaller, or to make something smaller.

ex: Your hoodie will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature.

switch out (sth)

to exchange something for something else.

Ex: NASA had to order new parts and ____ the components on all three shuttles.

famine (n) = dying of famine

/ˈfæm.ɪn/

a situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens:

Ex: There were reports of refugees ______

go through

to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation:

Ex: After all my mom has __(v3/ed)___ all the trouble in her life.

crisis (n)

an extremely dangerous or difficult situation:

Ex: To have success at present, my parents have gone through a major ____.

skyrocket (v)

to rise extremely quickly or make extremely quick progress towards success.

Ex: The diagram shows that housing prices have ___(v3/ed)____ in recent years.

interval (n)

the period between two events or times, or the space between two points:

Ex: When I study for long hours, I take short breaks at regular _____ to stay focused and avoid burnout.

insertion (n)

the act of putting sth inside sth else, or adding sth. It can refer to text, objects, or physical placement.

Ex: The graph shows a sharp increase in sales following the______ of a new marketing strategy in 2022

sterilize (v)

to make sth sompletely clean from bacteria or germs