Comp Arch and Assembly

Ohm’s Law Equation

V=IXR

As Voltage increases, current

increases

As resistance increases, current

decreases

What are the four factors that contribute to electric shock injury.

Voltage, resistance, path, duration

Annulment Rule

x AND 0 = 0 x OR 1 = 1

Identity Rule

x AND 1 = x x OR 0 = x

Idempotent Rule

X AND X = X X OR X = X

Complement Rule

X AND Xnot = 0 X OR Xnot = 1

Double Negative

Xnotnot = X

Distributive Rule

x(y+z) = xy + xz

DeMorgan’s

ANDXYnot = Xnot OR Ynot notXorY = XnotANDYnot

Absorption Law

X(X+Y) = X X + XY = X

Why do copper and silver make such good conductors.

Their valence electron is loosely bound and can move more freely between atoms, this movement of electrons is electricity.

Why not silver?

Expensive and corrodes.

When is gold used?

In computer chips so they function faster. It is also used in aerospace and medical devices for it’s corrosion resistance and where fast transmission could be critical.

Why aluminum over copper?

It is much cheaper and lighter weight.

What is the point of voltage?

The current moves around randomly with no direction, voltage directs and increases the current.

How many electrons are in a coulomb?

6.2×10^18

Why is phosphorus used for N-type semi-conductors?

Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons, silicon has 4, 4 create a bond, leaving one free, this acts as a negative charge carrier, the electrons leaving.

Why is boron used for P-type semi-conductors?

Boron has 3 valence electrons, silicon has 4, this creates a hole in the bonds, which acts as a positive charge carrier, drawing electrons.

What is the depletion region at the PN Junction?

It is an insulator. It is where extra electrons from N-type region have filled the holes from the P-type region. No charge carriers.

Reverse Bias

Makes PN Junction larger. POS voltage on LEFT PULLS electrons away from PN Junction and NEG voltage on RIGHT PUSHES electrons towards PN Junction.

Forward Bias

Makes PN Junction smaller. NEG voltage on LEFT PUSHES electrons toward PN Junction and POS voltage on RIGHT PULLS electrons away from PN Junction.

What simple electrical component is created by a PN Junction?

Diode

What are the names of the three terminals in BJT Transistor

Collector, Base, Emitter

What terminal is connected to the P portion of a BJT transistor made from NPN semiconductors.

Base

In a BJT transistor, which terminal acts as the switch that will either turn the transistor on or off.

Base

What sensor, and what signal for a closed current?

NMOS, 1

What sensor, and what signal for a closed current?

PMOS, 0

NAND GATE with PMOS AND NMOS

only NMOS

NOR GATE with PMOS AND NMOS

only PMOS

NOT GATE with PMOS AND NMOS

both opposite of eachother

what does MOSFET stand for?

Metal, Oxide, Semi-conductor, Field, Effect, Transistor

CMOS

Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor

What does the P in PMOS indicate?

P-type channel. Positively doped wells that create a p-type channel across an n-type substrate.

What does the N in NMOS indicate.

N-type channel. Negatively doped wells that create a n-type channel across an p-type substrate.

What is NMOS better at.

NMOS is better when needing an open circuit to output a true or 1.

What is PMOS better at.

PMOS is better when needing an open circuit to output a false or 0.

0 + 0

0

0 + 1

1

1 + 1

10

1 + 1 with a carry in

11

One’s complement

if 0, read number as is. if 1, flip all the bits, then read as normal binary and make negative.

two’s complement

if 0, read number as is. if 1, flip all the bits, add 1, then read as normal binary and make negative.

single precision floating point number

first number is sign, next 8 - 127 are the exponent, rest are mantissa

The five parts of a computer.

1. ALU, 2. Control (1and2 are CPU) 3. Memory 4. Input Devices 5. output devices

What are the three main characteristics of a CPU?

Instruction set, word size(BUS), clock speed

Differences between RISC and CISC

RISC has smaller instruction set, RISC is comprised of simple instructions, RISC is much faster.

First two design principles of MIPS architecture.

Simplicity favors regularity (32 bit instructions), smaller is faster. (32 registers)

OR GATE

Encoder

32:5

Decoder

5:32

ADD ALUOp

0010

SUB ALUOp

0110

AND ALUOp

0000

OR ALUOp

0001

NOR ALUOp

1100

LW SW and ADDI ALUOp

0010

SLT, BNE, BEQ ALUOp

0110

How can you tell if it is store word?

memwrite, alusrc, and don’t care about registers

How can you tell if it is load word?

memread, memtoreg, and alusrc

3 terminals on mosfet transistor

gate, source, drain