Chapter 19 gastroenterology mouth diseases and disorders

common signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders

-constipation, diarrhea, hematochezia (bloody stool), and melena (black, tarry stools)

-pyrosis (heartburn), dyspepsia (indigestion), and flatus (gas)

-halitosis (bad-smelling breath)

-nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis (vomiting of blood)

-jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by elevated bilirubin levels)

orofacial clefts

one of the most common birth defects in the US

includes cleft lip and cleft palate

cleft lip

an opening in the upper lip caused by the tip tissues not completely joining before birth

cleft palate

tissue that makes up the palate does not completely join before birth; can affect one or both palates (hard and/or soft palate)

children can have a cleft palate, cleft palate, or both. T or F

true

children with clefts can have problems with

feeding, speaking, hearing, and ear infections

etiology of orofacial clefts

unknown, but believed to be genetics and environmental factors

increased risk of this when the mother smokes, has diabetes, or uses certain medications during pregnancy

having a baby with orofacial cleft

signs of orofacial clefts

visible at birth

split in the lip or the roof of the mouth

can affect one or both sides of face

treatment of orofacial clefts

surgery to improve the child's ability to eat, speak, and hear

cavities

tooth decay or dental caries

plaque on the tooth creates decay

gingivitis

-inflammation of the gums that causes redness, swelling, and bleeding

-part of the early stages of periodontal disease

-caused by plaque depositing on the tooth for a short amount of time

herpetic stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) (aka fever blister or cold sore)

leukoplakia

condition of white patches on the lips and buccal mucosa often associated with tobacco

peridontal disease

infection and inflammation in the mouth that destroys the gums, peridontal ligaments, and bone that support the teeth

thrush

yeast infection of the mouth and tongue

risk factors of thrush

older age, infants, poor health, a compromised immune system, or taking antibiotics