WSC 2025 - If at First you Fall, Try Again

Rasputin

Russian mystic and faith healer

Filofei

A monk who articulated the idea that Russia represented the 'third Rome'

Third Rome

The theological and historical concept positing that Moscow is the ultimate heir of the Roman and Byzantine Empires, tasked with preserving and perpetuating Orthodox Christianity. This idea contributed to the notion of Russian exceptionalism and influenced Russian nationalism, particularly during the imperial era.

• Main goal was to protect Orthodox Christianity (their faith/tradition) against the Western influence

Unipolarity

• A global system dominated by a single country or area 

Multipolarity

A global system where multiple countries or areas hold significant influence, where no single country dominates.

Core countries

• more developed countries

  • Economically, technologically advanced, influencer

  • Use resources from less developed countries

  • Economy relies on secondary sector

Periphery countries

• less developed countries

  • Provide raw materials and labor – cheaper labor and materials

  • Economy relies on primary sector

Great powers

• countries with significant military, economic, and diplomatic influence on a global scale

Small powers

Smaller or less influential countries that may focus on regional issues and depend on great powers for security and economic assistance.

Controlling state

A state that exerts significant influence or control over another state’s policies

Client state

• A state that relies on a controlling state, interests often align with them as well

Soft power

The ability of a country to influence others through cultural appeal, diplomacy, and moral leadership, as opposed to military force. Soft power is significant in global diplomacy, as it enables nations to foster international relationships and promote their values without resorting to coercion.

Hard power

The use of military force or economic coercion to achieve political objectives, where a state relies on its military capabilities to compel other nations. Hard power is often seen as a direct approach to maintaining national interests and asserting global influence.

Foreign assistance

The provision of economic, technical, or humanitarian support from one nation to another, often aimed at fostering development or responding to crises. Foreign assistance can serve strategic interests for donor countries while helping to address global challenges like poverty, disaster relief, and health crises.

Neo-Assyrian Empire

An ancient empire in the Near East known for its military prowess, administrative efficiency, and cultural advancements. The Neo-Assyrian Empire marked a period of expansive territory and strong centralized governance, embodying significant progress in arts, architecture, and statecraft.

Song Dynasty

A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279, celebrated for its cultural sophistication, technological innovation, and promotion of Confucian ideals. The Song Dynasty witnessed major advancements in the economy and civil service, making it a golden age for Chinese art and culture.

Byzantine Empire

The eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, characterized by a rich cultural heritage and the preservation of Roman law and traditions. The Byzantine Empire played a critical role in the development of Christianity and emerged as a leading power in Europe for over a thousand years.

Carolingian Empire

An empire formed by Charlemagne in the early Middle Ages, seeking to restore the glory of the Roman Empire. Despite its vision of unification and cultural revival, the Carolingian Empire fragmented after Charlemagne's death due to internal divisions and external pressures.

Ottonian Dynasty

A German dynasty that established a powerful kingdom in the 10th century, seeking to continue the Carolingian legacy. The Ottonian rulers reinforced the authority of the monarchy in Germany and were instrumental in shaping early medieval European politics.

Meiji Restoration

A transformative period in Japan (1868-1912) that marked the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, reinstating imperial rule while rapidly modernizing Japanese society, military, and economy to compete with Western powers. This era fundamentally reshaped Japan's position in global affairs.

Neo-Sovietism

A contemporary political sentiment in Russia that seeks to revive the legacy of the Soviet Union, fostering nostalgia and pride in Soviet achievements. This movement often shapes current Russian policies and influences public opinion regarding the past.

Bibliotheca Alexandrina

A modern library in Alexandria, Egypt, designed as a tribute to the ancient Library of Alexandria. It serves as a cultural center for learning and collaboration, integrating advanced technologies and committing to the preservation of global heritage.

Notre Dame

A historic Gothic cathedral located in Paris, France, renowned for its architectural splendor and profound historical significance. Following a devastating fire in 2019, significant restoration efforts are underway to preserve its cultural heritage.

Pan Am

An iconic airline that played a pivotal role in the development of international air travel and luxury holidays throughout the 20th century. Currently, Pan Am is being revived not just for air services but also reintroduced as a lifestyle brand, encompassing fashion and memorabilia.

Polaroid

A historic brand synonymous with instant photography, well-known for its cameras that produced instant photographs. After facing bankruptcy, Polaroid has seen a resurgence in popularity, appealing to a new generation through nostalgia and the resurgence of vintage aesthetics.

Gatekeeping

The process through which information is filtered and controlled before reaching the public, played out in various contexts including media, academia, and professional sectors. Gatekeeping is critical for determining which information is disseminated and influences public knowledge and perception.

Vintage technologies

Older technologies and products that have experienced renewed popularity due to nostalgia, retro appreciation, and cultural trends. These items often evoke sentimental value and highlight the aesthetic qualities of past innovations, leading to a revival in their usage and desirability.

Old Music Killing New Music

A phenomenon in the music industry where established, older songs dominate charts and streaming platforms, potentially overshadowing emerging artists and new releases. This trend can inhibit innovation and diversity in contemporary music, affecting trends and artist sustainability.