Ethanol

Ethanol

• most common psychoactive drug / commonly abused drugs in the world

• Has an -OH (alcohol) group with 2 carbons

gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor

ethanol binds directly to the _________ in the CNS and causes sedative effects (ANTAGONIZE)

Ethanol

• most common psychoactive drug / commonly abused drugs in the world

• Has an -OH (alcohol) group with 2 carbons

gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor

ethanol binds directly to the _________ in the CNS and causes sedative effects (ANTAGONIZE)

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate

Ethanol antagonize _________ in the CNS.

methanol toxicity

ethanol IV route is used as antidote for

30- 60 minutes

Rapidly absorbed, and peak serum concentrations typically occur _________ after ingestion.

oral mucosa

Absorption into the body starts in the _______and continues in the stomach and intestine.

slow absorption

Co-ingestion of food will do what?

Ethanol

is primarily metabolized in the liver

acetaldehyde

In the liver, ethanol is broken down into _________ by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).

acetic acid

acetaldehyde is further broken down to by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (LADH).

carbon dioxide and water.

Acetic acid is fed into the Krebs cycle and is ultimately broken down into __________

Pyruvic acid

normally made by transamination of amino acids,

Pyruvic acid cycle

is needed for gluconeogenesis to produce glucose.

glycerol , synthesis fatty acids

Excess NADH may be used as a reducing agent in two pathways-- one to synthesize _________ and the other to ________

Fats or acetyl CoA

may accumulate with the resulting production of ketone bodies.

NADH

may be used directly in the electron transport chain to synthesize ATP as a source of energy

mitochondria

The accumulated acetaldehyde exerts its toxic effects by inhibiting _______ reactions and functions = liver damage--hepatitis and cirrhosis.

• CNS depression - inaantok

• decrease in blood pressure

• Flushed skin

• Urticaria

• Tachycardia

• Respiratory depression

• Diuresis

• Loss of behavior inhibitions

• Hypoglycemia

• Loss of fine motor control

ACUTE ETHANOL INTOXICATION:

• Loss of gross muscle control (Cant walk straight)

• Acute pancreatitis

• Severe myocardial depression

• Hypotension

• Atrial fibrillation

• Lactic acidosis

• Pulmonary edema

• Arrhythmias

• Cardiovascular collapse

• Sudden death

HIGH DOSES OF ETHANOL INTOXICATION:

Acute pancreatitis

Bangungot

100- 150 mg/dL

Intoxication or inebriation

150-200 mg/dL

Loss of muscle coordination

200-300 mg/dL

Decreased level of consciousness -

300-500 mg/dL

Death

secure the airway with an endotracheal (ET) tube

TREATMENT - Respiratory depression

• maintenance fluid infusion

• vasopressors

TREATMENT - hypotension

dextrose solution

TREATMENT - Hypoglycemia

• Whiskey - 40-60

• Beer - 3-10

Whiskey -

Beer -