Heimler's AP Gov Constitution

Articles of Confederation

The original governing document that established a weak central government with no executive or judicial branches, no taxing power, and no standing army.

Philadelphia Convention (1787)

The meeting where the U.S. Constitution was drafted, addressing weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Republican Government

A form of government in which representatives govern on behalf of the people.

Preamble

The introductory statement of the Constitution that outlines its purpose.

Enumerated Powers

Specific powers granted to Congress under Section 8 of Article I, including the power to tax, borrow money, and declare war.

Necessary & Proper Clause

Also known as the Elastic Clause, it allows Congress to pass laws needed to carry out its enumerated powers.

Electoral College

The body that formally elects the President of the United States.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Legislation that established the Supreme Court and allowed Congress to create lower courts.

Original Jurisdiction

The authority of the Supreme Court to hear cases for the first time, including those involving ambassadors and states.

Appellate Jurisdiction

The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts.

Judicial Review

The power of the judiciary to review the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions.

Supremacy Clause

Article VI stipulation that federal law takes precedence over state law in cases of conflict.

Amendment Process

The method by which changes can be made to the Constitution, requiring proposals by 2/3 of Congress or state legislatures and ratification by 3/4 of states.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, added to secure individual liberties and gain Anti-Federalist support.

Checks & Balances

A system that ensures that no branch of government becomes too powerful by allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others.

Federal Authority

The strengthened power of the national government compared to what was established under the Articles of Confederation.

Blueprint of U.S. Government

A reference to the Constitution as the foundational document that outlines the structure and function of the U.S. government.