Regents Chemistry- Bonding Flashcards

Octet Rule

a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

Ionic Bond

formed between two ions ( metal and nonmetal) with opposite charges. Ionic bonds form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom and is held together by an electrostatic attraction.

Covalent Bond

a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Bond between non-metal atoms

Chemical Formula

tells us the number of atoms of each element in a compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the compound, as well as how many there are for each element in the form of subscripts.

Metallic Bond

formed from the attraction between mobile electrons and fixed, positively charged metallic atoms.

Molecule

the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound

Diatomic Molecule

molecules composed of two like atoms covalently bonded

Molecular Compound

a compound where the atoms share electrons through covalent bonds. It is also known as a covalent compound

Coordinate Covalent Bond

A bond in which one atom contributes both electrons in the bond

Polyatomic Ion

is a charged chemical ion composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together

Bond Energy

the amount of energy needed to break a molecule into its component atoms

Polar Covalent Bond

a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons equally with each other. The END is 0

Compound

a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together

Network Solid

A a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. ex. Diamond

Cation

a positively charged ion

Anion

a negatively charged ion

dipole-dipole forces

Positive area of one dipole is attracted the negative portion of an adjacent dipole molecule

Asymmetrical molecule

Lack identical parts on each side of the axis

double covalent bond

a bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons

Hydrogen Bond

An intermolecular bond btw a hydrogen atom in one molecule and nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom in another molecule. Accounts for waters high boiling point and surface tension.

Ion

A charged atom

Lewis Dot Diagram

Diagram of an atom, ion or molecule in which each dot represents a valence electron

London Dispersion Forces

the weak intermolecular attraction resulting from the uneven distribution of electrons and the creation of temporary dipoles

Malleability

The ability of a metal substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets

Metallic Bond

a bond formed by the force of attraction of the mobile valence electrons for an atom;s positively charged kernel

Multiple Covalent Bond

A covalent bond that contains more than one shared pair of electrons.

Octet

8 electrons

Symmetrical Molecule

Have identical parts on each side of the axis

Triple covalent bond

A bond in which two atoms share 3 pairs of electrons