Earth Science Test 3

Mid-ocean Ridge

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Seamount

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Continental Shelf

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Continental Margin

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Abyssal Plain

S - A flat ocean floor.

E - It is a very extreme flat region of the deep ocean floor. It is formed by fine sediments settling and smoothing out the ocean floor over millions of years. It is among the flattest and darkest regions, and it covers over 50% of Earth’s surface.

E - The North Atlantic Ocean is an example.

Oceanic Crust

S - It is a thin and dense ocean floor.

E - It is part of the Earth’s crust that lies beneath the oceans. It is thinner and denser than the continental crust. It is mainly composed of basalt. Oceanic crust constantly creates at mid-ocean ridges through seafloor spreading and destroyed at subduction zones. This means that it is relatively young compared to continental crust.

E - Oceanic crust forms at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Longshore Current

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Offshore Bar

S - It is a piece of land detached from the mainland further out in the water.

E - It has deposits of sand and gravel that is completely detached from the mainland. Often only visible during low tide, as it is completely submerged during high tide. The offshore bar is what breaks waves before they reach the shoreline. They are temporary and mobile.

E - The Outer Banks has an offshore bar.

Barrier Island

S - Long, narrow area of sand that runs parallel to the shoreline.

E - It includes dune-covered, offshore deposits of sand that run parallel to the coastline, acting as a crucial buffer between the ocean and the mainland. These dynamic islands protect the coast by absorbing energy from storm waves and tides. They are typically separated from the mainland by sounds, lagoons, or marshes.

E - Holden Beach, NC has a barrier island.

Overwash

S - A coastal process where storm-driven waves and high tides exceed the height of sand dunes or beaches, washing sand and water inland.

E - It is a coastal phenomenon in which waves and storm surge force water, sand, and debris over the top of a beach and barrier

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Salinity

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Gyre

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Thermohaline Circulation

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Beach Nourishment

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Spring Tide

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Thermocline

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Bed Load

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Suspended Load

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Dissolved Load

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Oxbow Lake

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Point Bar

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Cutbank

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Flood Plain

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Delta

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Aquifer

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Aquitard

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Porosity

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Permeability

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Water Table

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Zone of Aeration

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Confined Aquifer

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Transpiration

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Infilitation

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Chemical Weathering

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Physical Weathering

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Debris Flow

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Soil Creep

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Slump

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Humus

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Leaching

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Topsoil

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Subsoil

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Dissolution

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Laterite

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Pedocal

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