Engineering and Physics Concepts

These flashcards cover various concepts related to engineering, physics, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and materials science based on the provided lecture notes.

Homogeneous Body

A body having identical properties all over it.

Fatigue Failure

Failure when a part is subjected to repeated stress that leads to its fracture.

Kepler's Law of Motion

States that the square of the time period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the mean distance from the sun.

Elastic Material

A material that recovers its original dimensions when the load is removed.

Ductile Fracture

Characterized by appreciable plastic deformation prior to crack propagation.

Work Done by an Engine

The area enclosed by the PV diagram during a complete heat engine cycle.

Carnot Engine

The most efficient engine that operates under the Carnot cycle.

Hydrologic Cycle

The process involved in the transfer of moisture from the sea to the land and back.

Turbulent Flow

A type of flow in which individual fluid particles take random paths.

Vapor Pressure

The partial pressure created by vapor molecules in an enclosed space.

Dynamic Viscosity

The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow and is expressed in units such as Pa.sec.

Hydraulic Radius

Defined as area divided by wetted perimeter.

Isothermal Process

A process in which the temperature remains constant during the expansion or compression of a gas.

Doppler Effect

The change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.

Cohesion

The attraction between like molecules.

Viscosity

The property of fluid that determines its resistance to shearing stress.

Sintering

The process of heating cold pressed metal powder to cause it to solidify.

Young's Modulus

A measure of the stiffness of a solid material, defined as the ratio of stress to strain.

Effective Interest Rate

The true interest rate computed for a period of time considering compounding.

Acid-Test Ratio

A measure of a company’s ability to pay off current liabilities without relying on inventory.

Conduction

The transfer of heat or electricity through a material.

Thermodynamic Cycle

A series of processes that involve heat transfer and work done within a system.

Strain Aging

The increase in strength and decrease in ductility of metals upon aging.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that releases heat, resulting in a temperature rise in the surroundings.

Poisson's Ratio

Ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain in a stretched material.

Kelvin-Plank Law

A principle stating that it is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates in a cycle receiving a given quantity of heat while performing an equal amount of work.

Grounding Conductor

A conductor used to connect the grounding system to electrical equipment.

Carnot Cycle

An ideal reversible thermodynamic cycle consisting of two adiabatic and two isothermal processes.