APBIO - Chapter 5

Hydrolysis

the process in which the bond between monomers is broken by the addition of a water molecule; the breaking down of a polymer into a monomer

dehydration reaction

the process in which two molecules covalently bonded to each other with the loss of water molecules; to connect monomers

glycosidic linkage

a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

Saturated fats

molecules are packed closely together, forming a solid, with saturation with hydrogen, when no double bonds exist between carbon atoms composing a chain

Un-Saturated Fats

Molecules are not connected closely enough are are liquid, where there is 1+ double bond with one fewer hydrogen on every double bond

peptide bond

the covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction.

denaturation

loss of protein's native structure from exposure of environmental factors

Glycogen

an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide

Steroid

A type of liquid characterized by a cabron skeleton consisting of four fused rings with various chemical groups attached

Chitin

A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers,

Triaclyglycerol

A lipid consisting of 3 fatty acids linked to 1 glycerol molecule

Primary structure

The level of protein structure referring to the specific linear sequence of amino acids

Quaternary structure

the particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by the characteristic three-dimensional arrangement of the constituent sub units, each a polypeptide

Nucleotide

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a 5-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and 1-3 phosphate groups

Purine

Adine and guanine; one of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring fused to a fix-member ring

Pyrimidine

One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a 6 membered ring. Cytosine and Thymine and Uracil are pyrimidines.

ribose

sugar component of RNA molecules

cellulose

a structural polysaccharide of a plant call walls,