Chapter 13 medical terminology

keratin is a

scleroprotein

keratin is in the

outermost layer of the epidermis

dermis is also called the

corium

skin is part of a tissue layer called

ectoderm

dermatome

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

two glands directly connected with hair follicle

apocrine sweat gland and sebaceous gland

sebaceous gland produces

sebum

another name for sweat gland

sudoriferous gland

lunula is responsible for

nail growth

onychopagia

nail biting

ungual means

pertaining to the nail

incisional biopsy

remove part of a tumor

excisional biopsy

remove entire tumor

punch biopsy

use a punch to remove a small amount of material for microscopic study

shaved specimen

razor blade is used to obtain a specimen

curettage

scrape material from lesion using a curet

sweat test may be used to diagnose

cystic fibrosis (increased sodium/chloride)

tissue/fluid can be removed and examined via

needle aspiration

exfoliation

falling away of tissue in scales or layers

induration

hardening of tissue

discoid lupus erythematosus

chronic systemic disease characterized by lesions that are covered with scales

pediculosis

infestation by human lice

xeroderma

mild form of ichthyosis where the skin is dry/rough

xerosis

excessive dryness of the skin

abscess

pus containing cavity surrounded by inflamed tissue, typically caused by infection

two types of cysts

sebaceous and pilondial

nodule

solid elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter

macule

nonraised, dark spot

papule

solid raised lesion

plaque

flat, dry, often raised patch

vesicles

small blisters containing clear fluid

bullae

large blisters filled with clear fluid

wheals

transient, elevated, irregularly shaped; result from allergic skin eruption called urticaria (hives)

lesions may be

primary or secondary

primary lesions include

macule, papule, plaque, vesicles, bullae, pustules, wheals

secondary lesions include

fissures, scales, scar, ulcers, atrophy, excoration

atrophy

thinning of skin, loss of skin markings

excoration

scratch, injury to surface of body from trauma

verruca

wart with a rough surface caused by common contagious virus

herpes simplex virus

most common viral infection of adult skin

furuncle

aka boil. localized suppurative infection that begins with infection of hair follicle or sebaceous gland by staphylococci

production of pus

suppuration, purulence, pyogenesis

dermatomycosis

superficial fungal infection

eczema

superficial dermatitis of unknown cause

herpes zoster

commonly called shingles, painful blisters, reactivation of dormant virus

photodermatits

inflammation of skin from abnormal reaction to light

scabies

contagious dermatitis cause by itch mite

seborrhea

excess production of sebum; may lead to acne vulgaris

seborrheic dermatitis

chronic inflammatory condition of skin, greasy scales and yellowish crusts (example is dandruff)

petechiae

tiny purple or red spots on skin due to small hemorrhages within dermal or submucosal layers

ecchymosis

hemorrhagic spot, larger than petechiae; blue/purplish patch

nevus

mole

keratoma

callus

corn is similar to a ______

callus, but is round/conical and usually painful

two types of keratosis

seborrheic keratosis and actinic keratosis

seborrheic keratosis

benign lesion found on older people

actinic keratosis

premalignant, common in people with sun damaged skin. should be removed because can progress to squamous cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma

papule begins to enlarge

malignant melanoma

pigmented neoplasm that originates in skin and is composed of melanocytes

kaposi sarcoma

associated with AIDS; small purplish brown papules spread throughout the skin, lymph nbodes, and internal organs

bedsores are also known as

pressure ulcers, decubitus ulcers

keloid

excessive overgrowth of unsightly scare tissue after injury

contusion

causes subcutaneous bleeding but does not disrupt integrity of skin (bruise)

burns may be classified as

superficial, deep partial-thickness burn, or full-thickness burn

rule of nines

calculates the size of a burn injury (% of body covered by burns)

hypoxic tissue

low oxygen. injury is greater

folliculitis can progress to

cellulitis

hidranenitis

inflammation of a sweat gland

leukoderma

localized loss of skin pigment

vitiligo

depigmentation of the skin

onycholysis

separation of nail from nail bed

onychomalacia

abnormal softening of the nails

onychopathy

any disease of the nails

onychosis

atrophy or unhealthy condition of the nails

onychomycosis

fungal condition of the nails

trichopathy

any disease of the hair

trichosis

abnormal growth/development of hair

diaphoresis

excessive sweating

pyrexia

fever

thermoplegia

another name for heat stroke or sunstroke

dehiscence

rupture of a wound closure or separation of surgical incision

autograft

graft from own body

skin flap

skin graft that involves moving a section of skin to a nearby area without cutting off the end of the transplanted tissue

allograft

graft between two genetically different individuals of same species

mohs surgery

tissue sparing; often used on face; remove thin layers of malignant tissue and examine microscopically until clear of malignancy

debridement/debride

remove foreign/dead material by dissection

electrodessication

destruction of superficial skin growth by burning with electric spark

escharatomy

surgical incision of constricting necrotic tissue from severe burn; relieves pressure/restores blood flow

onychemtomy

excision of a nail; declawing of an animal

rhytidoplasty

surgical repair for wrinkles; facelift

antipruritics

agents that relieve/prevent itching

retinoids

increase sloughing of epithelial cells; often used to treat acne

transdermal drug delivery

apply a drug to the skin which then enters the circulatory system; often called a skin patch

diathermy

passing high frequency current through tissue to generate heat in a particular part of the body

antipsoriatics

treat psoriasis

antiseborrheic drugs

reduce amount of sebum produced to treat dandruff

astringents

dry and contract skin tissue

counterirritants/rubefaceints

create inflammation topically to relieve local pain and swelling

keratolytics

shed top layer of skin to treat acne or remove warts, corns, or other lesions

Bx/bx

biopsy