PLS 103 test 2

welfare checks on elderly is considered what type of police activity?

service

the three primary responsibilities of law enforcement are

law enforcement, service, order maintenance

___ is an example of a crime control technique employed by police 

stop, question, frisk 

T/F - police officers spend most of their time on LE activities

false 

the initial step/stage of the force continuum is

officer presence and verbal commands

the idea that the police must use only as much force as is necessary to overcome the resistance offered by a resisting subject is called

force continuum/continuum of force

the second stage of the continuum of force is 

verbal direction —> soft empty-hand

the third stage of the force continuum is

hard empty-hand and impact weapons (non-lethal)

the fourth stage of the continuum is

deadly force

the ___ standard allows police officers to use deadly force against people who are using deadly force against an officer or another person

defense of life 

most departments use ___ as the basis for job assignments and shift preferences

seniority

when an officer can move from one department to another to retain their position and seniority

lateral move

a key goal of recruitment is to build a work force that is 

representative, qualified, community-oriented

the primary purpose of the psychological screening is to

assess job relevant traits and rule out disqualifying risk factors

background investigations typically include

credit, employments, references, criminal history, social media

the FTO model traditionally emphasizes

on-the-job coaching with graded phases under a senior officer

academy training that integrates procedural justice and de-escalation primarily aims to

improve legitimacy, safety, and communication outcomes

what is the most important tool available to police

the ability to use force

which of the following is NOT one of the factors that may influence police discretion 

time of day 

handling calls for service by taking reports over the phone or via some method other than a patrol car is called what?

differential police response

a crime that is only detected after it has occurred

discovery crime

a crime where a victim/witness see the crime occurring 

involvement crime 

stopping vehicles for traffic violations that may lead to arrests for other offences is called

a pretextual traffic stop

physical ability testing is most defensible when it…

uses job task simulations tied to essential functions 

the fleeing felon rule was declared unconstitutional by the supreme court in what case

Tennessee v. Garner

the ___ found that increased preventative patrol had no impact on the amount of crime committed

Kansas City preventative patrol experiment

___ offers an abbreviated and standardized method of communication of police radios 

10-codes

T/F - the police officer is generally the first decision maker in the criminal justice system

true

calls for service are categorized based on

priority

according to the text, the police attempt to prevent crime by trying to create a sense of…

omnipresence 

research shows that increased levels of preventative patrol ___

has no impact on crime

when traffic stops are used as a crime reduction strategy, police stop vehicles for moving and equipment violations while ___

looking for illegal guns and drugs

concentrating police presence in locations and times where crime is concentrated 

hot-spot policing 

T/F - police generally have much less discretion than other officials in the criminal justice system

false

T/F - the primary goal of the police should be to arrest all offenders

false

hotspot policing may lead to criticisms of what

over-policing

studies of police discretion have shown that the most significant factor in the decision to arrest is

seriousness of the offence

a key limitation of rapid response is that 

reporting delays/reduces the chance of catching offenders 

research on foot patrol suggests it often

improves community satisfaction

conducting undercover operations into drug trafficking is an example of which primary police responsibility?

law enforcement 

according to the text, the legality and morality of the fleeing felon rule have been challenged because of this US legal concept

presumption of innocence

researchers have suggested that ___ is the single most important criterion in the police selection process

maturity

providing a security presence at public demonstrations or protests

order maintinance

the standard of proof needed to conduct a Terry stop

reasonable suspicion

uncommitted time on patrol is valuable because it allows officers to what?

engage in proactive problem-solving

broken windows theory suggests police should… 

address visible disorder to prevent more serious crimes 

a one-officer unit compared to a two-officer unit typically show

slightly higher levels of productivity

T/F - individual seeking careers in policing today are no different than those who sought it out decades ago

false