DCUSH Fall Final Review

good luck

Nativism

A political and social movement favoring the interests of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants, often characterized by anti-immigrant sentiment and opposition to immigration.

Market Revolution

A large change in the market, which shifted movement away from subsistence farming into market sales. This led to more specialized production, and local exchange networks becoming regional and national markets.

Textile Production

Textile production was the manufacturing clothing items and fabrics, and it mainly happened in the New England colonies in the U.S. It mainly used the cotton being farmed in the South

American System

An economic plan made by Henry Clay to strengthen and unify the U.S by promoting self-sufficiency and national growth. He did this by introducing 3 parts: protective tarrifs, a national bank, and and federal funding.

The Common Man

Basically anyone who was in the working class and was white.

This group of people was mainly represented by President Jackson.

The Spoils System

When a political party wins an election, and rewards its workers by appointments to government jobs. However, it mainly led to a lot of corruption and incompetence as people not qualified for the position got the job.

Nullification Crisis

When South Carolina considered tarrifs were unconstitutional, and this were invalid within its borders. They argued it was in their right to do so because it violated the constitution. This deepened a lot of sectional divisions between the North and South.

Tarrifs

A duty or tax imposed by the government on goods or services from another country. This was mainly used pre independence, where American trade was heavily regulated by Britain.

Corrupt Bargain

Deal where John Quincy Adams was elected by the House despite Andrew Jackson winning popular vote. When Henry Clay used influence to support Adams, many of Jackson’s supporters argued it was a corrupt bargain, which meant that they made a secret agreement with no will of the people.

Jackson’s Pet Banks

State chartered banks selected by President Jackson could receive federal government deposits after withdrawing funds from the 2nd Bank of the U.S. This was to reduce the power of the national bank, which he thought favored the elite. However, the “pet banks” were chosen based on their loyalty to Jackson rather than financial stability.

Peculiar Institution

Slavery.

Second Middle Passage

The forced migration of enslaved people from the upper south to the deep south between 1808 and the end of the Civil War. This was mainly because of the cotton industry, and led to family separation,

Cotton Is King

Cotton was a huge economic and political force in the South before the Civil War, and the South stated that it was so powerful to Europe that no one would attack them.

Underground Railroad

A network of underground routes that helped slaves escape to the north. It was mainly used by abolitionists, most notably Harriet Tubman to facilitate the escape of slaves.

Nat Turner

Led a significant rebellion of slaves across 4 days, which resulted in 55 white people dying, which was the deadliest slave revolt in history. It led to a lot of harsher laws in the future regarding free and enslaved African Americans.

Amistad

A ship that had a slave rebellion happen on it on July 2, 1839. This later went to trial, and abolitionists supported them and pro-slavery citizens were against them. However, they were eventually freed in January 1840. This highlighted a lot of the contradictions surrounding slavery and enslaved people.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that revealed the brutalities of slavery. It increased the resentment against slavery and led to even more political divide between the North and South.

Dred Scott Case

Involved Dred Scott suing for his freedom, when he was taken from Missouri to modern day Minnesota, which was a free state. He sued because he had lived in a free state and a free territory.

However, it was decided that he was not free, black people weren’t citizens and couldn’t sue, congress never had a right to prohibit slavery, and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

The North Star

An abolitionist newspaper published by Frederick Douglass, in which it spoke about advocating for the freedom and rights of African Americans. This led to more anti-slavery sentiments and led the groundwork for future movements.

The Liberator

Newspaper by William Lloyd Garrison that also advocated for antislavery. It shaped a lot of the movement and later led to racial equality.

Trascendentalism

A philosophical, spiritual, and literary movement that acted as a protest against intellectualism and spiritual emptiness. They thought that knowledge didn’t come through logic, but through imagination and intuition.

Mormons

a religious and cultural group that was founded by Joseph Smith Jr. after he claimed to have divine revelations. Additionally, in 1890, they stopped practicing polygamy, which led to their migration to Utah.

Cult of Domesticity

Ideology that defined the ideal role of middle and upper-class women to be within the home only. This limited their opportunities for education and employment.

Utopian Societies

An imaginary society where everyone and everything is perfect. It was mainly made for religious purposes. However, it soon evolved to reflect social perfectibility rather than for religious reasons.

American Temperance Society

This was America’s first organization in the temperance movement, which tried to stop alcohol usage by using morals.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival which increased church membership , shift to free will, which led to a lot of other major reforms like abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights.

Seneca Falls Convention

A convention in 1848 that launched the woman's suffrage movement. The main person who directed this was Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

Civil Disobedience

Nonviolent protests in order to advocate for change.

It’s also the name of a novel by Henry David Thoreau, which was a way for him to advocate to refuse support for government actions, like slavery and the Mexican-American War, by promoting their morals over law.

Hudson School

Hudson River School was America’s first major art movement, which made paintings about the American wilderness, which created distinct American art with realism.

Fort Sumter

The first conflict of the Civil War, where South Carolina invaded Fort Sumter, where the few U.S army officials seceded from the army.

Anaconda Strategy

A strategy used by the Union during the Civil War that involved them suffocating the Confederacy by seizing control over the Mississippi River.

Appomattox Court House

The place where general Robert E Lee finally surrendered to Grant, and the Union officially won the Civil War.

Share Cropping

System where landowners allow tenants, which were previously enslaved or poor, to grow crops for share of the harvest.

13th Amendment

The 13th Ammendment officially ended slavery.