Honors Chemistry - Unit 2.3: Gases

Honors Chemistry

force

a push or pull on an object that results from the objects interaction with another object; algebraically it is the product of an object’s mass and acceleration (kg×m/s2 = N)

pressure

property of matter that describes the amount of force exerted over an area; atmospheric pressure is caused be the pull of Earth’s gravity on the gas particles in the atmosphere; on a particulate level gas pressure is a result of the number of collisions per unit time (collision frequency) and the force of the collisions

kinetic molecular theory

a collection of theories used to describe the properties of matter in terms of the movement and positioning of molecules (or particles); it can be used to describe the relationship between a gas’ pressure, temperature, and volume

Boyle’s law

states that a gas’ volume is inversely proportional to its pressure when temperature remains constant (

Charles’ law

states that a gas’ volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (Kelvin scale) when pressure remains constant (V = kT)

Amontons’ law

states that a gas’ pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when volume remains constant (P = kT)

kinetic energy

energy of motion; mathematically it is equivalent to directly proportional to the product of mass and velocity squared (KE = 1/2mv2)

barometer

device used to measure pressure, typically uses mercury

direct proportionality

relationship between two properties in which both increase or decreases together in the same proportionality (e.g. if one doubles the other doubles, if one is divided by four then other is divided by four, as well).

inverse proportionality

a relationship between two properties in which one property increases and the other decreases by the same proportion, or vice versa (e.g. if one doubles the other is cut in half, because ½ is the inverse of 2)