Chapter 1-2 (updated)

Law of conservation of mass

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

law of definite proportions

a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound

Law of Multiple Proportions

elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds

Dalton's Atomic Theory

1. elements are composed of atoms.

2. atoms of same element are identical, but differ from other elements.

3. elements can mix together

4. atoms only change when mixed with other elements

J. J. Thomson

1897 used cathode ray and positively charged plates to discover electrons.

He thought electrons were "stuck" in uniform, positively charged matter to form an atom which was later disproved upon the discovery of the nucleus

Rutherford

Discovered the nucleus, gold foil experiment

Becquerel

discovered radioactivity after noticing that a photographic plate left untouched by the sun changed in color due to uranium

Millikan

Oil drop experiment led to the charge of an electron to be calculated

Bohr

proposed that an electron is found only in specific circular paths, or orbits, around the nucleus

De Broglie

Scientist who suggested that all moving particles had a wave motion associated with them

the flaw was that you couldn't predict the locations of electrons and it didn't account for spin

Schrodinger

quantum mechanical modelH

Heisenberg

it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time

1 meter = ____ centimeters

100

1 meter = _____ millimeters

1000

1 meter = ______ nanometers

1,000,000,000

1 meter = ____ kilometers

0.001

1 meter = ____ hectometers

0.01

1 meter = ____ decimeters

10

Accuracy is

the closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured

Precision is

the replicability of a measurement to the same value

Kelvins +

Celsius + 273.15

Density is

mass/volume

Molarity is

moles of solute/liters of solution

When converting cm^3 to any other metric unit of X^3 you always ______ the conversion factor

cube

Celsius from Kelvin

Kelvin - 273.15

Scientific Method

A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.

Problem solving strategy

• use the equivalence statement that relates the two units

• manipulate it such that the appropriate unit is cancelled

• multiply

1 meter = ____ yards

1.094

An element has 32 protons and 31 neutrons, assume the symbol is X, write the atomic number

63/32 X

what do you never do when writing out ionic compound names

including charges

how does metallic character change across the periodic table

left to right metallic character decreases, down and to the left metallic character increases

Naming Acids

no oxygen - hydro_______ ic
oxygen - ate - ic
oxygen - ite- ous

What two metals always have the same charge?

Silver (+1) and Zinc (+2)

in aqueous solution an ionic compound is

liquid if soluble

you always _______

show your work