Poli Sci Quiz 3

13th Amendment

The amendment that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime, sparking debates on its implications for issues like the draft.

14th Amendment

Often referred to as the 'second bill of rights,' it defines citizenship through principles like jus soli, jus sanguinis, and naturalization, and includes the Equal Protection Clause to ensure fair treatment under the law.

Plessy v

A landmark case where the Supreme Court established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, leading to the legal precedent that was later overturned by Brown v. Board of Education.

Brown v

A case that challenged racial segregation in schools, leading to the ruling that 'separate but equal' is inherently unequal, prompting the desegregation of schools.

15th Amendment

Prohibits the denial of voting rights based on race, ensuring equal access to voting regardless of race.

Pay as You Go System

A tax system where taxes are paid as income is earned throughout the year, helping individuals avoid fines by paying quarterly.

Tax Deductions

Amounts subtracted from income before calculating taxes, reducing the taxable income and potentially lowering the tax burden.

Progressive Income Tax System

Tax system where higher-income individuals are taxed at higher rates, aiming to collect more taxes from those who earn more.

Proportional Income Tax System

Also known as the 'Flat tax,' it applies the same tax rate to all individuals, regardless of income level.

Open Primary

A primary election where any voter can participate, promoting inclusivity but susceptible to 'raiding' tactics.

Closed Primary

A primary election where only registered party members can participate, preventing 'raiding' but excluding independent voters.

Caucus

Community meetings where voters discuss and publicly vote on their preferred candidates, attracting highly invested individuals due to the time and effort required.