Biology 30: Hardy-Weinberg Genetics

A set of flashcards summarizing key concepts of Hardy-Weinberg Genetics and evolution based on the lecture notes.

What is the field of study that examines how the environment affects gene expression?

Epigenetics

What gene in mice was used as an example of epigenetics?

Agouti gene

What can the diet of a pregnant organism affect in their offspring?

It may affect the expression of their genes.

What are segments of DNA that do not code for proteins but can influence nearby genes?

Transposons

What are the chemical groups that bind to transposons and block expression of nearby genes called?

Epigenetic markers

What does Hardy-Weinberg genetics analyze?

The genetics of populations.

Name one of the seven conditions that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

No mutations are occurring.

What happens to gene frequencies in nature when Hardy-Weinberg conditions cannot be met?

Gene frequencies will change over time.

What mathematical equation is used in Hardy-Weinberg genetics?

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

If 16% of a population is recessive (ww), what is the frequency of the recessive allele (w)?

0.4

How can you express the total genetic makeup frequencies in a population?

Using the equation a² + 2ab + b² = 1.

What percentage of the population will be pure dominant (WW) if the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.6?

36%.

What concept did Charles Darwin propose in his theory of natural selection?

The mechanism of evolution.

For how many years did the viewpoint that Earth is 6000 years old last?

About 2000 years.

What evidence contradicted the young Earth concept?

Fossils of ancient animals found in rock layers.

What major scientific advance did Charles Lyell introduce regarding geological processes?

All geological processes occurred at slow, steady rates.

What percentage of the population was said to have attached ear lobes according to the Hardy-Weinberg example?

25%.

Where did Darwin begin his famous voyage on the Beagle?

South America.

What significant event did Darwin observe while in Valparaiso?

A tremendous earthquake.

What unique trait is associated with Darwin's finches?

The size and shape of their beaks vary by island.

What was the main purpose of the Beagle's voyage?

To survey ports and collect specimens.

What were the conditions on the Beagle like during the voyage?

Very basic; no showers, limited food, and infestations.