orgo ch3

eclipsed conformation

dihedral angle is 0, high energy

staggered conformation

dihedral angle is 60, low energy, anti and gauche, bulkiest are anti

torsional strain

repulsion between electrons in the bonds when h eclipsed

gauche conformation

high energy due to steric strain

steric strain

electron repulsion around large methyl group

geometrical/configurational isomers

same mf, different spatial orientation of groups

cis

substituents on same side

trans

substituents on opposite side

conformations of cyclohexane stable to least

chair, twist boat, boat, half chair

ring flip

all equatorial positions become axial, axial become equatorial

Gibbs free energy is negative

equilibrium constant is more than 1

gibbs free energy is positive

equilibrium constant less than 1

atoms in same plane

are sp2

ranking of functional groups

cooh, cn, cho, co, oh, sh, nh2

spirocyclic compounds

two rings share one atom

fused and bridged bicyclic compounds

two rings share 2 atoms or a common bond

conformational

different orientation of atoms due to rotation about a single bond in the same molecule

constitutional

same formula but different connectivity