Industrial Revolution Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for key terms, people, and concepts related to the Industrial Revolution.

Capital

Money for investment in business.

Enclosure Movement

Privatizing common land, forced rural migration.

Cottage Industries

Home-based manufacturing before factories.

Cotton Gin

Machine that increased cotton processing, invented by Eli Whitney.

Spinning Jenny

Multi-spindle spinning frame, invented by James Hargreaves.

Pasteurization

Process to kill bacteria in food, developed by Louis Pasteur.

Urbanization

Migration to cities during the Industrial Revolution.

Child Labor

Use of underage workers in factories.

Suffrage

The right to vote.

Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith’s book supporting capitalism.

Entrepreneur

Someone who starts a business with financial risk.

Socialism

Economic system with government-owned industry.

Communism

System where the state controls all production.

Labor Unions

Organizations advocating workers' rights.

Hargreaves

Inventor of the spinning jenny.

Watt

Improved the steam engine.

Whitney

Invented the cotton gin.

Bessemer

Developed steel-making process.

Jenner

Developed smallpox vaccine.

Pasteur

Developed pasteurization.

Smith

Father of capitalism, wrote Wealth of Nations.

Marx & Engels

Authors of Communist Manifesto.