Chapter 26 Summary

Why was Franklin Roosevelt a sympathetic figure to many Americans?

His wealth and popularity were balanced by his personal struggle with polio, which made him relatable and inspiring.

What was a key difference between Roosevelt and Hoover during the 1932 election?

Roosevelt’s optimistic attitude contrasted with Hoover’s defeated and ineffective approach to the Depression.

What happened during the interregnum between Roosevelt's election and inauguration?

The Depression worsened, with unemployment reaching record highs due to Hoover’s failed policies.

What philosophy did Roosevelt bring to the presidency in 1933?

A belief in active government intervention, direct aid, and public works, along with a willingness to experiment.

What was the purpose of Roosevelt’s “bank holiday” and the Emergency Banking Act?

To close and inspect banks, restoring consumer confidence in the financial system.

What were the main goals of the First New Deal?

Job creation, industrial and agricultural recovery, financial reform, and direct relief for individuals.

How did the First New Deal affect national morale?

It restored confidence and hope, helping to shift the national mindset away from pessimism.

What led to the launch of the Second New Deal?

Criticism from both political extremes and the Supreme Court’s rejection of some New Deal laws (AAA and NIRA).

What are three major laws passed during the Second New Deal?

The Banking Act, Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, and Social Security Act.

What was the purpose of the Social Security Act?

To create a social safety net by providing pensions and unemployment insurance.

What was the Fair Labor Standards Act and why was it significant?

It set a minimum wage, capped workweeks, and banned child labor—key labor protections that still exist today.

What is one lasting impact of Roosevelt’s presidency on the federal government?

It permanently expanded the role of the federal government in economic and social life.

What debate did the New Deal spark that still continues in U.S. politics?

The extent and degree of government involvement in the economy and welfare.