Ruminant Skull and Eye

label the left lateral view of the caprine skull.

1. cornual process

2. frontal bone

3. orbita

4. facial tubercle

5. infraorbital foramen

6. incisive bone

7. pterygoid hamulus

8. oval foramen

9. hyoid apparatus

10. occipital condyle

11. paracondylar process

12. tympanic bulla

13. external acoustic meatus

14. external occipital protuberance

15. zygomatic arch

16. parietal bone

label the dorsal view of the caprine skull.

1. external occipital protuberance

2. cornual process

3. supraorbital foramen

4. orbita

5. frontomaxillolacrimal notch

6. facial tubercle

7. infraoribital foramen

8. nasal bone

9. incisive bone

10. palatine fissure

label the caprine mandible.

1. incisors

2. canines

3. mental foramen

4. premolars

5. molars

6. mandibular foramen

7. condylar process

8. mandibular notch

9. coronoid process

label the dorsal and ventral views of the caprine mandible.

1. mental foramen

2. canines

3. incisors

caprine/ovine permanent incisors

• incisor 1 → 12-18 months

• incisor 2 → 18-24 months

• incisor 3 → 30-36 months

• incisor 4 → 36-48 months

caprine/ovine permanent premolars

premolars 2, 3 and 4 are permanent at 18-24 months

caprine/ovine permanent molars

• molar 1 → 3 months

• molar 2 → 9 months

• molar 3 → 18 months

label the dorsal view of the bovine skull.

1. intercornual protuberance

2. supraorbital foramen

3. incisive bone

4. palatine process of incisive bone

5. palatine fissure

6. nasal bone

7. facial tubercle

8. orbita

9. external acoustic meatus

10. cornual process

label these parts of the ventral bovine skull.

1. palatine process of maxilla

2. palatine process of incisive bone

3. palatine fissure

4. incisive bone

5. interincisive fissure

bovine permanent incisor eruption

• incisor 1 → 1.5-2 years

• incisor 2 → 2-2.5 years

• incisor 3 → 3 years

• incisor 4 → 3.5-4 years

when are all bovine incisors in wear?

5 years

bovine central incisors

• erupted permanent teeth

• larger than the deciduous teeth on either side

label the teeth of the bovine lower jaw.

1. central incisors

2. incisor 2

3. incisor 3

4. canine or corner incisor

label the parts of the bovine permanent teeth in wear.

1. root

2. neck

3. crown

by 9 years of age, the bovine incisors are

level and the necks have emerged from the gums

label the lateral view of the bovine skull sinuses.

1. maxillary sinus

2. rostral frontal sinuses

3. caudal frontal sinus

4. dorsal conchal sinus

label the dorsal view of the bovine skull sinuses.

1. lateral rostral frontal sinus

2. medial rostral frontal sinus

3. caudal frontal sinus with cornual diverticulum

4. supraorbital foramen

what does the dehorning procedure do?

often exposes cornual sinuses

label the parts of the eye.

1. superior rectus muscle

2. posterior chamber

3. anterior chamber

4. aqueous humor

5. cornea

6. suspensory ligament of the lens

7. ciliary body

8. inferior rectus muscle

9. posterior cavity (vitreous chamber)

10. macula

11. fovea

12. retina

13. choroid

14. sclera

what is the movement of fluid in the eye?

1. aqueous humor produced by ciliary body in the posterior chamber of the eye

2. flows from posterior chamber through pupil to anterior chamber

3. fluid drains from anterior chamber

if fluid drainage is blocked in the eye, what can happen?

glaucoma

inferior oblique muscle

• innervated by CN III

• elevates and turns eye laterally

inferior rectus muscle

• innervated by CN III

• pulls eye inferiorly

superior rectus muscle

• innervated by CN III

• pulls eye superiorly

medial rectus muscle

• innervated by CN III

• pulls eye medially

lateral rectus muscle

• innervated by CN VI

• pulls eye laterally

superior oblique muscle

• innervated by CN IV

• depresses and turns eye laterally

label the eye muscles.

1. superior rectus

2. lateral rectus

3. inferior oblique

4. inferior rectus

5. medial rectus

6. superior oblique

label the hemi-section of the eye.

1. conjunctiva

2. lens

3. cornea

4. pupil

5. iris

6. ciliary body

7. retina

8. tapetum lucidum

9. optic nerve

10. optic disc

11. sclera

what is this?

cornea

what are these?

1. pupil

2. lens

label the internal tissue components of the eye.

1. tapetum

2. retina

3. sclera

4. optic nerve

5. optic disc

what is this?

lens

what are these?

1. cornea

2. iris

what is the arrow pointing to?

vitreous humor

what are the 3 layers of the eye?

fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic

label this bovine eye dissection.

1. conjunctiva

2. posterior chamber

3. iris

4. cornea

5. anterior chamber

6. limbus

7. suspensory ligaments

8. pupil

9. lens

10. ciliary muscle

11. lateral rectus

12. posterior cavity filled with vitreous humor

13. retina

14. optic disc

15. vitreous humor glittering

16. optic nerve

17. periorbital fat

where would you give injections in the eye?

the limbus

what is 1

cornea

what is 2

sclera

what is 3

optic nerve

what is 4

ciliary bodies

what is 5

pupil

what is 6

limbus

what is 7

iris

what is 8

choroid coat

what is 9

tapetum lucidum

what is 10

retina

what is 11

lens

what is 12

vitreous humor

what is 1

iris

what is 2

pupil

what is 3

iridic granule

what is 4

nictitating membrane

what is 5

conjunctiva

what is 6

puncta

what are iridic granules?

ruffles in the eye are that are used to shade the eye from bright sunlight