BLAW random extra + cases

yes

Is it a good under UCC:

a manufactured home, that could be moved with little damage to the home

void

Valid vs Void vs Voidable vs Unenforceable

Example: contract to commit a crime. 

voidable

Valid vs Void vs Voidable vs Unenforceable

Usually protects someone vulnerable (minor, fraud victim, duress victim, etc.). 

statute of frauds

When does a contract HAVE to be in writing to be enforceable? 
And if there is a writing, can people still bring in oral evidence? 

____ ___ ____ (when writing required) 

parol evidence rule

When does a contract HAVE to be in writing to be enforceable? 
And if there is a writing, can people still bring in oral evidence? 

____ ______ ____ (when oral evidence allowed) 

written, no

MY LEGS: Executor

If executor promises to pay estate debt with their own money → must be _____. 

If paying from estate funds → ___ writing required

quantity, signature

MY LEGS: Goods

Only _____ + ____ needed (not full details). 

personal benefit

MY LEGS: Suretyship (pay someone else’s debt) EXCEPTION

If main purpose is ____ _____ → may NOT need writing 
(main-purpose rule) 

Example: 
Dad guarantees son’s loan so family business survives → may not need writing. 

MY LEGS

Does this contract need to be in writing? 

Use: 
___ ____ test 

oral, written

Does Statute of Frauds apply? 

Ask: 
Is it MY LEGS? 

If no → ___ contract fine 
If yes → must be ____ (unless exception) 

NOT, allowed

If writing exists + someone adds oral terms 

Apply parol evidence rule: 

Was oral statement: 

• before or during writing → usually __ allowed 

• after writing → ____ 

Then check exceptions. 

paid, accepted

staute of frauds exception

Even if a contract should be in writing, it can still be enforced if:

• Goods are ___ for and _____

outside

Is this within or outside the Statute of Frauds?

Lifetime / indefinite contracts

outside

Is this within or outside the Statute of Frauds?

Ex: Marissa agrees to sell eggs from her chickens to Stanley for as long as Stanley continues living next door to her.

within

Is this within or outside the Statute of Frauds?

If Stanley agreed to buy an acre of Marissa’s backyard (including the chicken coop and chickens) and run his own egg farm operation? 

within

Is this within or outside the Statute of Frauds?

Prenups

within

Is this within or outside the Statute of Frauds?

“I’ll do X if you marry me” 

outside

Is this within or outside the Statute of Frauds?

Juan agrees to do Stephanie’s taxes for $550 every year for as long as Stephanie remains in business?

Lucy v. Zelmer

Important Cases Relating to Offers:

____v._____

Intent determined by reasonable person standard

Lefkowitz v. Great Minneapolis Surplus

Important Cases Relating to Offers:

_______v._____________

Advertisements are generally not offers

precedent

Circumstances resulting in discharge:

Occurrence or nonoccurrence of a condition.

Condition types: _____ (without occurrence, no duty to perform)

subsequent

Circumstances resulting in discharge:

Occurrence or nonoccurrence of a condition.

Condition types: ________ (if such event occurs, duty to perform goes away)

concurrent

Circumstances resulting in discharge:

Occurrence or nonoccurrence of a condition.

Condition types: _____ (duty to perform simultaneously)

express

Circumstances resulting in discharge:

Occurrence or nonoccurrence of a condition.

Condition types: _____ (stated in K)

implied

Circumstances resulting in discharge:

Occurrence or nonoccurrence of a condition.

Condition types: _____ (not spelled out, but understood by both parties due to type of K)

implied warranty of merchantability

Warranties (Chapter 25)

____ ______ ___ _______

Exist when goods purchased from merchant

fitness for a particular purpose

Warranties (Chapter 25)

Implied warranty of ____ ___ __ ____ ____

Where seller knows/has reason to know that a product will be used for some reason,

the buyer relies on seller's expert representation (see UCC 2-315)

 Eg: mechanic recommends tires for use in snow

implied warranty of title

Warranties (Chapter 25)

____ ___ __ ____

Comes in every sale unless expressly disclaimed. Express disclaimer must truly be

express—cannot leave buyer wondering.

possess

You pass on the title you _____

good title

Third party purchasers acquire ____ ____ if they make a good-faith purchase for value AND the seller held good title OR voidable title

owner’s, buyer

If owner entrusts possession of goods to a merchant who deals in goods of that kind, merchant can transfer ____ rights in the goods to a ____ in the ordinary course of business

offer, acceptance, consideration, agreement

A valid contract needs:

👉 O A C A

merchantability

Ex: The product is defective/doesn’t work at all

That triggers: Implied Warranty of ________

D. All of the above

Which of the following is not valid consideration under contract law?

A. promise that depends entirely on the promisor’s own discretion, such as “I’ll buy your car if I feel like it.”

B. A promise to pay someone for work they already completed last month.

C. A police officer accepting money to make an arrest they are already legally required to make.

D. All of the above

A. Before the delivery date, a supplier emails the buyer stating they “will not be able to deliver the goods as promised” because market prices have doubled.

Which of the following best illustrates anticipatory repudiation under contract law?

A. Before the delivery date, a supplier emails the buyer stating they “will not be able to deliver the goods as promised” because market prices have doubled.

B. A party delays performance by one day due to shipping problems but still intends to perform.

C. A contract is fully performed by both parties, but one later regrets the deal and wishes they hadn’t signed.

D. A buyer asks whether the seller might consider delaying delivery by one week.

B. An implied warranty arises automatically, even if not stated in the contract.

Which of the following statements about warranties under the UCC is true?

A. An express warranty must always be in writing to be enforceable.

B. An implied warranty arises automatically, even if not stated in the contract.

C. Warranties are merely opinions or “puffing” by the seller and cannot create liability.

D. A warranty only applies when both parties are merchants.

C. A person who regularly deals in goods of the kind involved in the transaction or holds themselves out as having special knowledge or skill about those goods.

Under the UCC, which of the following best defines a merchant? 

A. Any person who occasionally sells personal property, such as a used couch or car. 

B. A buyer who purchases goods for personal, family, or household use. 

C. A person who regularly deals in goods of the kind involved in the transaction or holds themselves out as having special knowledge or skill about those goods. 

D. Anyone who sells goods worth more than $500. 

within

Does this fall within or outside statute of frauds?

MY LEGS: Year

Work for 3 years at $60,000/year

outside

Does this fall within or outside statute of frauds?

Ex: “Work until this project is done”

outside

Does this fall within or outside statute of frauds?

Ex: Paint house (no time stated)

no, yes

“Is there ANY way this could be finished within 1 year?”

• If __ → writing required

• If ___ → writing NOT required

don’t

You agree to pay someone $50 to mow your lawn
They show up and say: “Actually I want $80 now”

• Are they doing anything extra? ❌

• Were they already obligated? ✅

You (do/don’t) have to pay the extra

consideration

No new _________ = no enforceable modification

UCC

UCC vs Common Law

Selling a car

common law

UCC vs Common Law

Hiring someone to paint

common law

UCC vs Common Law

Consulting services

UCC

UCC vs Common Law

Selling clothes

required, legal

Consideration =

• Doing something you weren’t _____ to do

• OR giving up a ____ right

punitive

“Reprehensible conduct” = ___ damages

punitive

“Extra money to punish bad behavior” = _____ damages

lose, win

“Who should’ve known better?”

• If it’s YOU → you ___

• If it’s THEM → you ___

can’t

Under the UCC, once you accept goods, you generally:

(CAN/CAN’T) reject them later

express

An ____ warranty is created when a seller makes a specific factual claim about a product

NOT just opinion or hype

express warranty

Express warranty or sales puffing

“Fit, ready to take on the highways”

sales puffing

Express warranty or sales puffing

“This is a great car!”

sales puffing

Express warranty or sales puffing

“Best deal ever!”

agreement

Rule for modifications:

Even under the UCC:

• You don’t need consideration

• BUT you DO need _____/consent

delivery

Default UCC rule:

• Seller keeps risk until ____

buyer

When the buyer takes control (or refuses delivery and handles it himself):

Risk of loss shifts to the ____

some, seller

Voidable title = something is “wrong” with how the buyer got the goods

BUT:

• The buyer still has ___ title

• It can be undone by the ____

good

Under the UCC:

A BFP gets ____ title

paid for, accepted

Even if a contract should be in writing, it can still be enforced if:

Goods are ___ and ___

offer

Ad + specific terms + ‘first come first serve’ = ____

fitness for particular purpose

Example:

• “I need a blender for industrial ice crushing”

👉 Triggers: Implied Warranty of _______