Eisman Vocab 2 Review

Protestant Reformation

A 16th-century religious movement led by figures like Martin Luther, which sought to reform the Catholic Church, leading to the creation of Protestant denominations.

Lost Colony of Roanoke

A failed English settlement established in 1587. Its settlers mysteriously disappeared, leaving only the word "Croatoan" carved on a tree.

Spanish Armada

A large fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England, defeated by the English navy and storms, marking a decline in Spanish power.

Primogeniture

A system where the eldest son inherits all family property or land.

Joint-stock company

A business entity where investors pool their money for a common purpose, sharing profits and losses.

Virginia Company

An English joint-stock company that established the Jamestown colony in 1607.

Charter

A legal document granting rights to a person or company to establish a colony, often with certain privileges.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607 in Virginia.

First Anglo-Powhatan War

A conflict between English settlers and Powhatan Indians (1610-1614), ending with Pocahontas’ marriage to John Rolfe.

Second Anglo-Powhatan War

A series of clashes (1622-1646) between Powhatan Indians and English settlers, resulting in Powhatans' defeat.

House of Burgesses

The first elected legislative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia in 1619.

Act of Toleration

A 1649 Maryland law granting religious freedom to all Christians, primarily to protect Catholics.

Barbados Slave Code

A 1661 law that legalized harsh treatment of enslaved Africans in the Caribbean, influencing slave laws in North America.

Iroquois Confederacy

A powerful alliance of six Native American nations in the northeastern U.S., influencing European and colonial affairs.

Henry VIII

King of England (1509-1547) who broke from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England.

Elizabeth I

Queen of England (1558-1603), known for defeating the Spanish Armada and promoting English exploration and colonization.

Sir Francis Drake

An English sea captain, privateer, and explorer who circumnavigated the globe and helped defeat the Spanish Armada.

Sir Walter Raleigh

An English explorer who attempted to establish the Roanoke Colony in the late 1500s.

James I

King of England (1603-1625) who supported the Virginia Company and the establishment of Jamestown.

Captain John Smith

An English soldier and leader who helped govern Jamestown and established a shaky peace with the Powhatans.

Powhatan

A Native American leader who ruled over the Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia during the early years of English settlement.

Pocahontas

Daughter of Powhatan, she helped mediate between Native Americans and English settlers, later marrying John Rolfe.

Lord De La Warr

The governor of Jamestown who arrived in 1610 and enforced strict military discipline, ensuring the colony's survival.

John Rolfe

An English settler who introduced tobacco cultivation to Virginia and married Pocahontas, strengthening relations with the Powhatans.

Lord Baltimore

The title held by the Calvert family, who founded Maryland as a haven for Catholics.

Oliver Cromwell

A Puritan leader who overthrew the English monarchy and ruled as Lord Protector during the Commonwealth period (1653-1658).

James Oglethorpe

The founder of Georgia in 1733, he intended the colony as a haven for debtors and the poor.

Cultivation of tobacco

The practice of growing tobacco, which became the main cash crop in Virginia, boosting its economy and increasing demand for labor, including slavery.