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Using the Host’s Nutrients: Siderophores and what does it produce ?
Iron is required for most pathogenic bacteria
Siderophore are proteins secreted by pathogens that bind iron more tightly than host cells
Produces waste products
Change in pH
Multiplies in host cell and causes ruptures
Toxins
poisonous substance produced by microorganisms
Give examples of what toxins may cause
produce fever, cardiovascular problems, diarrhea, and shock
Toxigenicity
the ability of a microbe to produce a toxin
Toxemia
the presence of toxins in the host’s blood
Intoxications
the presence of toxins without microbial growth
What do exotoxins do and who produces them ?
disrupt host cell function
Proteins produced and secreted by bacteria
soluble in bodily fluids, destroy host cells and inhibit metabolic functions
Antitoxin
antibodies against specific exotoxins
Toxoid
inactive exotoxins used in vaccines
Where can you find exotoxins
Gram positive
When are exotoxins secreted ?
during the log phase
Types of membrane disrupting toxins
leukocidins, hemolysin, streptolycin
Membrane disrupting toxins
lyse host cells by disrupting plasma membrane
leukocidins
kill phagocytic leukocytes
hemolysins
kill erythrocytes by forming protein channels
streptolysins
hemolysins produced by streptococci
superantigens
cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells (T cells)
what are some symptoms caused by superantigens
fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, and death
Give an example of a microbe that produces superantigens
Staphylococcus aureus
genotoxins
damage DNA (causing mutations, disrupting cells division, and leading to cancer)
what is an example of a genotoxin
Helicobacter pylori
A-B toxins
contain an enzyme component (A part) and a binding component (B part)
examples of A-B toxins
Diphtheria toxin
Shiga toxin
B. anthracis
Note 
Flashcard (36)