Anatomy Exam 1 Study Guide

These flashcards cover essential anatomical concepts, directional and regional terms, descriptions of tissues, and organ systems in preparation for the anatomy exam.

Dorsal Cavity

Includes the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord).

Ventral Cavity

Contains the thoracic cavity (lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus) and abdominopelvic cavity (stomach, liver, intestines, bladder, reproductive organs).

Superior/Inferior

Directional terms meaning above/below.

Anterior/Posterior

Directional terms meaning front/back.

Medial/Lateral

Directional terms meaning towards midline/away from midline.

Proximal/Distal

closer to trunk/farther from trunk.

Superficial/Deep

surface/internal.

Serous Membranes

Thin, double-layered membranes that reduce friction around organs.

Parietal layer

The layer of serous membranes that lines the cavity wall.

Visceral layer

The layer of serous membranes that covers the organ.

Integumentary System

Organ system including skin, hair, nails, and glands.

Sagittal Plane

Cuts the body into left and right parts.

Midsagittal Plane

Cuts the body into equal left and right halves.

Frontal Plane

Cuts the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Transverse Plane

Cuts the body into superior and inferior parts.

Plasma Membrane Composition

Made of phospholipid bilayer, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

Nucleus

Organelle that stores DNA.

Ribosomes

Organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue found on body surfaces, lining cavities, and in glands.

Connective Tissue

Most abundant tissue in the body, found everywhere.

Strata of the Epidermis

Layers from deep to superficial: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

The most common type of skin cancer.

Melanoma

The most dangerous type of skin cancer.