Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Layers

What does the integumentary system include?

The skin and its accessory structures, such as hair, nails, and glands.

Why is the integument considered the largest organ?

Because it encompasses the skin, which covers the entire body.

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

Protection, sensation, vitamin D production, temperature regulation, and excretion.

What are the two main layers of the skin?

The epidermis (superficial layer) and the dermis (deep layer).

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.

What type of tissue is the dermis primarily composed of?

Dense irregular connective tissue.

What is the hypodermis, and what is its function?

Also called subcutaneous tissue, it contains areolar and adipose connective tissue, providing insulation and attaching skin to underlying structures.

What separates the epidermis from the dermis?

The basement membrane.

How many layers are in thick skin, and where is it found?

There are 5 layers, found in areas like the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

How many layers are in thin skin, and where is it found?

There are 4 layers, found in the rest of the body.

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis called?

Stratum basale, where new cells are generated.

What process do older cells undergo as they move to the surface of the epidermis?

Keratinization, where they harden and fill with keratin.

What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum, composed of dead, keratin-filled squamous cells.

What happens to the stratum corneum in areas subjected to friction?

It thickens to form a callus.

What are striae, and how do they form?

Visible lines (stretch marks) that occur when the dermis is overstretched.

What are dermal papillae, and what is their significance?

Extensions in the upper part of the dermis that form fingerprints and footprints.

What is the typical thickness of the dermis?

Generally 1-2 mm thick, with variations in specific areas.

is the epidermis or dermis thicker

dermis

What role does vitamin D play in the integumentary system?

It is produced in the skin and is essential for calcium absorption and bone health, and protects the skin from sun

How does the dermis contribute to skin strength?

It contains collagenous and elastic fibers that provide structural integrity.

which layes are vascular

epidermis: avascular

dermis: vascular

hypodermis: vascular