The Four Key Attachment Hypotheses 1990

Key points

LJzendoorr expanded on Bowlby’s attachment theory

What are the 4 key hypotheses

Sensitivity hypothesis

Universality hypothesis

Normativity hypothesis

Competence hypothesis

Sensitivity hypothesis

Attachment security depends on sensitive and prompt responses to the infant’s needs and emotions

Universality hypothesis

Most infants will become attached to at least one specific caregiver. Assumes attachment is a universal human experience

Normativity hypothesis

They feel safe to explore and return to their caregiver for comfort and reassurance

Competence hypothesis

Secure attachment leads to positive child outcomes. More likely to develop higher levels of socio-cognitive competence. (Social understanding, problem-solving, and emotional regulation)