nazi germany gcse dates and stuff!

dates for my first 12 lessons of germany

kaiser went into exile

9th nov 1918

armistice ww1

11th nov 1918

first elections held post ww1 for new constituent assembly

19th jan 1919

spartacist uprising date

jan 1919

spartacist uprising facts

• - Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg wanted communism and founded the German Communist Party

• attempted to overthrow Ebert

• Put down by Freikorps and Army

treaty of versailles date

28th june 1919

georges clemenceau

• french

• wanted harshest punishment for german people

• as most destruction happened in france.

• france + germany share a border

woodrow wilson

• american

• wanted "just and lasting peace"

• drew up 14 point list, including setting up league of nations.

• problem= us wasnt in league of nations; stepping away from european affairs

david lloyd george

• british

• wanted germany stable enough to trade with uk,

• didnt want fascism/communism to spread

• told public he would crush germany but was most nice (and sensible) behind closed doors

military etc germany versailles

• 100,000 troops

• demilitarised rhineland

• no air force, tanks

• 6 battleships in navy

• £6.6 billion in reparations

• war guilt clause (article 231)

land rules for germany versailles

• lost alsace lorraine

• polish corridor split country in two

• lost all overseas colonies

• sudetenland to czechoslovakia

• germany not allowed to unite w austria

kapp putsch date

march 1920

kapp putsch

• kapp led freikorps (right wing) into berlin, declared new national govt.

• official army refused to help ebert, so he asked people of berlin to go on strike and not support kapp.

• successful- putsch collapsed within days.

Hitler and Nazi party rise to power

• jan 1919: anton drexler founded DAP, had nationalistic ideas + "völkisch" ideals (pure German nation).

• summer 1919: DAP had ~50 members but backed by the army's political department.

• sep 1919: hitler attended a DAP meeting, gave an impressive speech, impressed drexler, who invited him to join the party.

• hitler led recruitment + propaganda in DAP, became good at public speaking.

• jan 1920: DAP renamed NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party).

• feb 1920: hitler + drexler created 25-Point Programme.

• jul 1921: hitler became party leader (Führer), establishing the Führerprinzip; (leadership principle) one leader has total control.

ruhr crisis date

Jan 1923

ruhr crisis start

• Germany announced they couldn't pay their reparations

• France invades the Ruhr Valley, occupies it to take raw materials by force.

• germans responded with passive resistance (going on strike) but this made germany poorer as they werent getting resources from ruhr either.

ruhr crisis hyperinflation

• german govt didnt have enough money to pay for passive resistance so just printed more

• value of money went down, prices went up

• german mark became worthless

stresemann became chancellor date

aug 1923

what stresemann did

• Ended passive resistance in the Ruhr and combatted hyperinflation (rentenmark, reichsmark)

• more stable politics as won support of army to act against revolts, situation was better so people less drawn to them anyway.

• Negotiated the Dawes Plan, the Locarno Treaty and the Young Plan

reasons for munich putsch

• hitler hated versailles treaty

• nazis strong in munich; seize munich first to march to berlin

• many germans hated weimar govt for hyperinflation and furious passive resistance called off in ruhr

• gained ludendorffs support and had SA (brownshirt) support for revolution

• RW politicians led bavaria, more likely to support him

munich (beer hall) putsch 1923 events

hitler, ludendorff bring 600 soldiers to a beer hall. They take kahr at gunpoint into a side room. Hitler ludendorff kahr address crowd in the beer hall, got enthusiastic support of crowd. but local authorities warned by Kahr (let go by ludendorff to "call his wife"). in morning hitler ludendorff 3000 nazis marched into munich, met by 100 police, Hitler and Ludendorff are arrested for treason.

why munich putsch failed

• people werent well armed

• kahr unsupportive of cause

• vague plan

• hitler was arrested

• police +army informed to stop them

Consequences of the Munich Putsch

• feb 1924 hitler put on trial for treason, found guilty

• judges allowed long speeches (weimar, jews, versailles )

• trial made hitler well known (newspapers) gained support other RW nationalists

• 5 yr prison sentence (this is minimum sentence) which was closer to house arrest than imprisonment; party officials could visit at any time. only served 9 months.

• realised he could save germany, and wrote mein kampf

• realised must have full control of party + win elections to take control of germany

Dawes Plan April 1924

• america loaned 800 million marks to germany to help them rebuild and eventually repay reparations

Locarno Pact 1925

Signed between Germany, Britain, France, Belgium, Italy promising to keep peace

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

64 nations signed this agreeing to only use their army for "peaceful means"

Young Plan 1929

Allied Reparations Committee reduced reparations from £6.6 billion marks to £1.85 million over 59 years.

wall street crash date

24th October 1929

great depression what happened

• wall street crashed as americans lost -confidence in banks + investments so sold them at such a quick rate us markets lost $30 bn in 2 days.

• started a worldwide slide into great depression

• germany affected a lot, as us wanted money they lent to germany in the 20s back

who were better off after the golden years?

• unemployed people = although unemployment remained high, unemployment benefit introduced

• homeless = homelessness reduced by 60%, state was spending 33 times more on housing in 1929 than 1913

• war veterans = benefits and assistance given

• workers = some of the best paid in europe

who were worse off after the golden years?

• middle class - many bankrupted by 1923

women in golden years

• no. women in domestic service + farm (blue collar) work decreased, as no. women in industrial work, white collar jobs, public employment increased. women were moving away from blue to white collar jobs

• % of women overall increased from 31.2% in 1907 to 35.6% in 1925

• women over 20 given vote and women given equal pay

golden years art

• neue sachlichkeit (new objectivity)

• george grosz and otto dix

• art reflected everyday life, as they believed art should comment on society at the time. contrary to previous german art detached from everyday life.

golden years architecture

• bauhaus movement = walter gropius

• simplicity in architecture (art and technology- a new unity)

• less extravagant, more efficient and economical

golden years cinema

• fritz lang produced "metropolis" = most technically advanced film of the decade

• marlene dietrich became one of most popular film stars of decade, played strong, mysterious and glamorous women. (evidenced more women empowerment)

• golden age of german cinema.

nazi party stood for

• abolish treaty of versailles and rearm germany.

• replace weimar republic with a strong central government.

• destroy communism. fight opposition with violence if needed.

• remove jews from leadership positions; no non german newspaper editors.

• state funded education for gifted kids and higher pensions.

• nationalise key industries and gain more land (lebensraum).