Key Terms in Argumentation

Flashcards highlighting key terms and concepts related to argumentation, reasoning, and logical fallacies.

The act of yielding to or accepting a point in an argument is called __.

Concession

An argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea in another argument is known as __.

Counterargument/Counterclaim

The action of providing evidence to prove a statement false is referred to as __.

Refutation/Rebuttal

An argument that consists of exactly three categorical propositions is called __.

Categorical Syllogism

Sources that provide a first-hand account of an event are known as __ sources.

Primary

Appeals to an audience’s sense of reasoning and logic is known as __.

Logos

Appealing to the audience’s emotions is referred to as __.

Pathos

Reasoning that applies a rule to a specific case is called __.

Deduction

An argument that follows an 'If A is true, then B is true' pattern is known as __.

Hypothetical Syllogism

The tendency to search for information that confirms one’s prior beliefs is known as __.

Confirmation Bias

Pointing to individual cases that confirm a position while ignoring contradictory data is termed __.

Cherry-picking

Using a key term ambiguously in an argument is called __.

Equivocation

The fallacy of assuming a cause-effect relationship between two events is known as __.

Post hoc fallacy

Reaching a conclusion based on insufficient evidence is referred to as __.

Hasty generalization

An argument presenting only two choices when there are actually several options is called __.

False dichotomy/Either-or fallacy

Attacking the person making the argument rather than the argument itself is known as __.

Ad hominem

Exaggerating or oversimplifying an opponent's argument to make it easier to refute is called __.

Straw man

A deliberate attempt to change the subject from the real question at hand is referred to as __.

Red herring

Using the popularity of a belief to prove its validity is known as __.

Bandwagon

if there are only two possibilities, and one of them is ruled out, then the other must take placefollow a "Since A is true, B must be false" premise___.

Disjunctive Syllogism

similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has yet to be observed___.

Argument by analogy