Molecular Genetic Pt. 2

Biotechnology

restriciton enzymes

enzymes that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

creates DNA fragments with sticky ends to find and reconnect with other DNA fragments, creating recombinant DNA

vector - moves DNA from one source to another

gel electrophoresis

used to separate and examine DNA fragments

separated on basis of size with help of an electric charge

DNA added to negative ends of the wells

smaller pieces of DNA travel further, larger travel less

southern blotting

sequencing DNA and determining the order in which the nucleotides appear

cloning

plasmids used for cloning have a gene that provides resistance to an antibiotic and another that gives bacteria that ability to metabolize some sugar

This process allows for the selection of successfully transformed bacteria that have taken up the plasmid during the cloning process

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

produce large quantities of particular sequence of DNA in very short amount of time

double strand of DNA with gene of interest is denatured, primers are added to target sequences, and DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands

dna sequencing

sequencing the human genome in 2003 was a groundbreaking achievement in molecular biology, allowing scientists to identify the complete set of genes and their functions