social impact of religious and economic change under edward VI

what percentage of london were protestant by the start of edwards reign?

-20% of london was protestant by 1547

religious changes under somerset
-when and what was the denuciation of images in london?

the 1547 denunciation of images in london reflected radical attitudes among churchmen such as nicholas ridley.
-widespread iconoclasm

religious changes under somerset
-when and what were the injunctinos?

somersets 1547 injunctions attacked features of catholic practice:
-lights, images, stained glass attacked
-practices associated with candlemas, ash wednesday and palm sunday attacked

religious changes under somerset
-when and what was the dissolution of chantries and religious guilds.

1547 act for dissolution of chantries and guilds:

-chantries, guilds and lay brotherhoods were abolished and property seized by crown.

-the preamble of the act justified actions as it stated purgatory did not exist. .

religious changes under somerset
-when and what was the introductino of the first prayerbook?

cranmners 1549 first book of common prayer was moderate


protestant features such as english service and no prayers for dead

catholic features such as the worship of saints being discouraged rather than banned, and the remaining of transubstantion and holy days.

religious changes under northumberland
-when and what was the second book of common prayer?

1552 cranmers second book of common prayer was thoroughly protestant.

including a ‘black rubric’ which stated that kneeling during communion was for good order, rather than for a corpeal presence.

religious changes under northumberland
when and what was the seocnd act of uniformity?

Northumberlands 1552 second act of unfirmoity enforced the 1552 second book of common prayer.
-became an offence for both clergy and laymen to not attent english church service.

religious changes under northumberland
-which contiental reformers arrived to england, influecing religious policy?

protestant reformers martin brucer and peter martyr moved to england as they gained influence over religious decisions.

-close links between english reforms and the swiss reformer heinrich bullinger of zurich, who carried on zwinglian reforms.

impact on society of religious changes
-what are the differences between wills under henry viiith and wills during edwards reign?

between 1540 and 1546, 70% of northern wills left money to their parish.
this fell to 32% under Edward VIh.

impact on society of religious changes
-what did john hooper say about the impact on society of religious changes?

Bishop John Hooper in 1550 admitted that the pace of protestant reform was impeded by uncooperatitve public opinion.

-issues exacerbated by fears over the seizure of church plate, leading to parishes selling treasurers. by 1553 the crown began confiscating church plate.

impact on society of religious changes
-how did expenditure on church goods change?

-expenditure on church goods declined after 1540

Somersets economic policy
-what was somersets vagrancy act?

Somersets 1547 vagrancy act declared that any able bodied persons out of work for 3 days were to be branded with a V and sold into slavery for 2 years.

act never put into effect

Somersets economic policy
-what was somersets policy on enclosure?

sommerset set up an enclosure commision under John Hales, however it failed to bring any cases.

-in 1548 proclomations were issued enforcing laws against enclosure

in 1549 a 5% tax on property and a sheep tax was implemented.

Northumberlands economic policy
-what was Northumberlands social policy?

Northumberland ended somersets anti enclosure measures:
-commisinors withdraw and sheep tax repealed in 1550
unpopular vagrancy act repealed in 1550

Northumberlands economic policy
-how much of somersets dewbt did northumebrland had to deal with?

somersets ‘rough wooing’ of scotland between 1547 and 1549 cost over 500,000 pounds

Northumberlands economic policy
-what did northumberland do with debasement?

-proclomations issued to reduce value of coinage in 1550
-decision to end debasement in 1551

it was not until 1560 that coins were recalled and replaced.

Northumberlands economic policy
-how did northumerbalnd deal with expenditure?

-boulogne returned to france for 133,333 pounds
-garrisons withdrawn from scotland
-emergency household ‘privy coffer’ fund established

Northumberlands economic policy
-how did northumebrland deal with debts?

northumberlands continued sale of crown and chantry land raied over 200,000 pounds

Sir Thomas Gresham was successful in paying off royal debts to the antwerp market.

what were the religious reasons for the 1549 western rebellion?

the rebels articles in the 1549 western rebellion demanded a reintroduction of catholicism through Henry’s 6 articles act.

in devon, government agent william body intensified antagonosim towards the investigation of church property.

what were the economic reasons for the 1549 western rebellion?

the intial rebel demands were complaints over taxes/food prices.

the second, religious list was controlled by a small group of clergy led by robert walsh who had hijacked control of the western rebellion.

how did enclosure cause the 1549 kett rebellion?

Rebel attacks on fences and hedges during hte 1549 kett rebellion demonstrate opposistion to enclosure in wooded pasture areas.

-first article of demands opposed future enclosure.

-how did rents cause the kett rebellion?

rebels in the 1549 kett rebellion complained strongly over increase in rents in a period of rapid inflation.

How did bad government cause ketts rebellion?

Ketts rebels attacked local gentry and JP’s in their articles.
-kett himself aimed to appeal over the heads of local gentry directly to the central government.

how did religious cause ketts rebellion?

articles related to religion were call for a compotent clergy, rather than controversial doctrinal changes.

how were the 1549 rebellions crushed?

Sommerset appointed lord russel to deal with the western rebellion, whoch was crushed near exeter.

northamptons original attempt to crush kett rebllion failed.

somerset used an army including foreign mercnaries under command of warwick to brutally crush the kett rebellion.

what was the nature of intellectual development under Edward?

Radical humanism:

-1547 injunctions required each parish to acquire a copy of Erasmus’s Paraphrases

-humanist sir john cheke was edwards tutor

martin brucer appointed to uni of cambridge