(3) Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

pituitary gland alt. name

hypophysis

hypothalamus exerts endocrine control of anterior pituitary

releasing and inhibitory hormones

anterior pituitary alt. name

adenohypophysis

posterior pituitary alt. name

neurohypophysis

pars intermedia

avascular zone between the antieror/posterior pituitary

poterior lobe

does NOT produce vasopressin (ADH)/oxytocin; stores it instead

ADH

vasopressin, anti-diuretic hormone, signals kidneys to retain water, regulate water balance, for the smooth muscle in walls of arterioles to contract

oxytocin

stimulates smooth muscle contracts (uterus), involved w/ milk ejection and parturition

dehydration

ADH release (less pee)

overhydration

ADH inhibited (more pee)

ADH hypersecretion

syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) → won’t go to restroom

ADH hyposecretion

diabetes insipidus → too much pee, dehydration

oxytocin hypersecretion

increased uterine smooth muscle contractions, benign prostate hyperplasia, mood and behavioral disorders

oxytocin hyposecretion

issues w/ childbirth, difficulty w/ breast feed, social/emotional difficulties, sexual dysfunction, autism?????

somatotrophs secrete

hGH (human growth hormone)

thyrotophs secrete

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

gonadotrophs secrete

FSH and LH (follicle and luteinizing)

lactrotrophs secrete

prolactin (PRL)

corticotrophs secrete

ACTH, MSH (adrenocorticotrophic and melanocyte)

TRH stimulates

TSH

CRH stimulates

ACTH

GnRH stimulates

FSH + LH

GHRH stimulates

growth hormone

GHIH inhibits

growth hormone + TSH

PRH stimulates

prolactin

PIH inhibits

prolactin

PIH

dopamine

-tropin

hormone going to another gland to tell it to release another hormone

testes - LH

stimualates testosterone

testes - FSH

sperm production

ovaries - LH

ovulation

ovaries - FSH

follicle development

TSH

thyrotropin stimulating hormone, tells thyrid to produce T4, which is converted to T3

regulates metabolism

prolactin

promotes milk PRODUCTION

growth hormone

all tissues, protein synthesis, bone development

ACTH

adreno = adrenal gland

cortico = cortex

tropic = more hormones

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids; stimulates adrenal glands to release/produce cortisol