Theatre chapter 2

Q: What is the main focus of Chapter 2?

Comparing live theatre (stage) with film and television (Screen) in terms of audience, acting, directing, funding control, and ownership

How does the theatre audience differ from a screen audience

Theatre audiences are live, present, and directly influence the performance, while screen audiences watch recorded performances and cannot affect them.

Why are cell phones especially disruptive in theatre

Because theatre depends on live, shared concentration between actors and audience

How does acting differ between stage and screen

Stage acting is larger and more expressive to reach a live audience, while screen acting is subtle and controlled for close-ups

Why do actors need to “cheat out” on stage?

To ensure the audience can see and hear them clearly

What is a close-up, and why does it matter

A close up is a tight camera shot in film that captures small facial expressions, making subtle acting effective

How does directing differ in theatre versus film

Theatre directors shape a live performance with no edits, while film directors can control shots, angels, and editing

What does there is no directors cut in theatre mean

Once a play opens the performance happens live with no post production changes

How is theatre typically funded

Through ticket sales, donations, grants, sponsorships, and government support like the NEA

How is film and television funded?

Mostly through investors, studios, advertising, and box office revenue

Why is theatre considered financially risky?

Because it relies on limited seating, live attendance, and ongoing funding to survive

What is the national endowment for the arts (NEA)

A U.S. government agency that provides funding for the arts, including theatre

Who has more control other a theatre production

Playwrights and directors, because the script is protected and performances are live

Who has more control over film productions?

Producers and studios, since they finance the project and own the final product

What does the big picture refer to?

How economic, artistic, and cultural factors shape theatre and screen differently

What is the theatre next door

Local and regional theatre that exists outside broadway and major commercial venues

How does copyright affect theatre

Plays are protected by copyright which means scripts cannot be altered without permission

Why is theatre considered more personal than film?

Because it is live,immediate and shared in real time between actors and audience e

What is a major takeaway from chapter 1?

Theatre and screen are different but fundamentally different art forms.

____ was a common catchphrase for theatre

The theatre is dying

The audiences role in theatre:

New York Times theatre critic Margo Jefferson says there is something almost “primal” about the relationship between a theatre audience and the actors because of their physical proximity and the power the audience has to affect the actors’ performances. Theatre is sometimes called “the living stage” or a “living art”—movies and television separate the actor and audience with lenses and screens, whereas the theatre is immediate. Theatre always takes place in your presence.

In yoruba the western part of Nigeria, television is called?

Ero asoro maghese which means “the machine that speaks but accepts no reply.”

Actor john lithgow who acts?

In films television and on the stage says that performing in the theatre is “the past form of acting,” because it belongs to both the audience and the actors

Actors who work primarily on stage are often called

Legitimate actors, the term legitimate is not a form of snobbery but rather comes from 18th century England where censorship laws required theatre companies to be licensed. A company of actors that had such a license was called “legitimate.”

What does legitimate mean today?

It has come to mean a theatre that does Not only do live plays, but also has actors to act only on stage in front of a live audience. Being a story of a legitimate stage requires years of training.

If the actors unable to perform something part of a script, even after training, what do they do?

The director may call for a double to fill-in and perform the dance, jump off a skyscraper or sing a song. Examples include the movie, Whiteside story where Natalie Wood did not sing her songs (she was playing maria)

How do you some films and TV are sometimes called blank because there’s so many close-up shots in which an actor expresses an emotion with the face, or even part of the face

Talking heads

Screen actors often don’t have to remember as many lines why

It is because most television show generally have lines of dialogue, rather than A whole script that they must memorize They are also usually given cue cards, and can Retake scenes that they mess up, Meanwhile, theater actors have to memorize thousands of lines, and they have to perform it live in front of an audience

But the most important difference is that in movies and

TV screen actors are allowed to

Fail

No matter how powerful a director is they cannot control

Every moment of the production, each performance is different, no matter how skilled they are no actor can exactly to duplicate what he, or she did the night before. In most instances, the Director chooses or cast the actors, and during rehearsal the director suggest or demand certain things from them but when the curtain goes up, the Director can no longer make adjustments.

The playwright owns the copyright, except when the script is in public domain, which is the case for plays, were in long-ago, such as

Shakespeare plays

What does the word ensemble and team mean in theater?

Ensemble refers to a group of actors who work together collaboratively to create a performance, while team emphasizes the cooperative effort of all members involved in the production, including actors, directors, and crew. Good theater usually uses collaboration and is based on mutual respect more voices are heard and more creative individuals are working together rather than a solitary authority telling everyone what to do in the theater there is no directors cut

The funding and profit of theaters and movies are very different such as the big Broadway production companies theaters are generally blank companies

Usually they are nonprofit companies, but do not have stockholders and pay no dividends or federal taxes the Internal Revenue Service created nonprofits doctors for companies, and organizations that are not designed for private financial gain, They also provide the general public with charitable educational and recreational services

What are examples of nonprofit status organizations?

The United Way, the Red Cross and American cancer society, most theaters apply for and received nonprofit status, because most places would not be able to be produced without that money. If it weren’t for tax exemptions donors and patrons of the art, most theaters would cease to exist.

What is one-way movies CAN GET FUNDING

They can make money for advertising when you go to the movie or watch television and see a star drinking a particular type of soda, wearing a piece of clothing or using a type of car They are earning money

Commercial time

Play cost for less to produce anywhere from a few thousand dollars for a community theater production to severe millions in for a big Broadway production. Tell her she makes money not only through product but also by selling commercial time the more commercials and networking pack into an hour, the more money you can make.

Is theater created mainly by humans or technology

Theater is primarily created by humans, as it involves live performances, storytelling, and artistic expression that requires human creativity and interaction, though technology can enhance these elements.

Another obstacle in funding fee there is that the ticket sales at most nonprofit theaters cover, only blank percent of the cost of producing a performance

It covers only 60% of the cost, So they use different methods Such as tickets, income, concession income, and 41% comes from Outside sources such as grants contributions individual contributors corporations, foundations, federal state, and local entities

Individual contributor to the art or blink come in all sizes

Patrons they range from billionaire philanthropist, who give away millions, Two average Americans, who give away a few dollars most nonprofit feeders, print a list of their donors and give them labels such as dinner, patron producer, or Angel

Since most feeders are nonprofit, their taxes are

Exempt and the donor gifts are tax deductible or free from federal income taxes theaters. Also offered owners other benefits, such a special opening or closing night parties first choice seats, thank you gifts membership and patron clubs in the opportunity to serve on the board of directors in the theater.

What is corporate funding?

For the arts weather from the smallest mom and Pop companies, Armanet corporations it is good for business, small businesses, such as restaurants will Donate to local In theaters because it brings more people to their location, Abu soliloquy Konomi and large corporations, often make donations to gain political clout, tax, write offs or publicity

However, most corporations today are less interested in philanthropy and are more interested in

Targeting specific audiences with commercials for its products and controlling the message of the entertainment produced in some cases, corporate sponsors, attach restrictions on subject matter, forcing theaters, avoid plays about labor, unions, factory, pollution, Socialism communism, workers rights worker, safety, closing, corporate tax loopholes, and the need for greater government relations or any theme of corporations

The public broadcasting station has also been dubbed

The petroleum broadcasting station

Government funding

The monies meet you in the arts by federal state and local entities Is my for the most controversial method of maintaining a healthy arts community in the United States we spend far fewer tax dollars on the arts in any other industrialized nation the agency that this versus our our tax dollars is called the national endowment for the arts NEA

What is the national endowment for the arts?

It is a federal agency that provides funding for the arts in the United States, aiming to promote and support artistic endeavors through grants and initiatives.

What is the percentage of support going to the arts from the government?

0.01%

Who was the president that pushed for the creation of the NEA

John f Kennedy

The NEA states

No department, agency officer or employee of the United States try to set any supervision or control over the administration or operations of the NEA. It’ll be an independent government institution and facilitates artistic speech while limiting government interference and censorship it has given out over 140 thousand grants and provides funding for a wide variety of artistic and cultural programs across the US.

Bourgeois theatre

It is called this because they pursue maximum profit by reaffirming the Audiences valleys, just as rigorously as any big budget, Hollywood, film and many are in independent film, stress, the artist vision, as much as any non-commercial heater, Hollywood more often produces entertainment, and Peter produces more art is becomes even clearer when you look at the organizations that produce and fun and control, entertainment and art

In 1975, about 50 corporations on 90% of American entertainment today the number is down to

Six

When you go to the theater, there is an increased chance you can see patriotic musicals and radical anti-government plays stories that promote traditional family values in stories that champion diverse values

This is because as long as theater remains, locally funded and controlled, a wealth of opinions can be expressed from capitalism, communism Christianity, and atheism

A copyright is a legal guarantee

Granted by the government to authors, playwrights, composers, choreographers, inventors publishers, and corporations. Allow them to maintain control and profit from their creative works. It’s like a patent for an invention.

Playwrights usually blink, their place, published or not this means that, in order to stage a play-by-play, right he was living or has died within the last few years. Do you have to get written permission from the playwright, or their agent when a play is produce it’s called a?

Copyright, And it’s called a royalty payment must be made to the playwright or the playwright S8. This payment is like rent except that instead of renting property You are renting the playwright intellectual property in you’re not allowed to rewrite, rearrange descriptive out permission from the playwright or their agent

Writers for hire means that

individuals who create works for an employer are not entitled to copyright ownership, as the employer retains the rights to the work produced. Instead of an individualized, Reiner, owning her intellectual property, usually the Hollywood production company owns it and can hire other rider to change, rewrite or rearrange the script. However, they see fit without the original writers permission.

Do playwrights usually use solo writer?

Yes

What is a parody

A comedic or satirical imitation of a work, genre, or style, often exaggerating its characteristics for humorous effect.

What is public domain?

Works that are free for use by anyone, with no copyright restrictions.

What are the shadows on the screen?

Wish I was a former financial power and is constitute an only a few hands the mirror models of massive corporations have a huge impact on our lives it reflects our values in Austin? And they like to push their political points on views in Scripps in the push politics for their product advertisements

Why are screen actors given a safety net?

Actors who perform in a life setting, must be able to dance, sing, and out all the same time. Meanwhile, screen actors are provided a safety net by being a walk to B dubs he can’t sing or edited if they don’t know how to dance.

Stage directorsusually do not have as much power or control, because blank copy rights to their work and directors must obtain the blanks permission to change the script, unless it is public domain

Playwright

Television programs usually are limited in power, and instead or subservient to their blank

Writers