AP Psychology - Unit 1

Resting Potential

Resting Potential

When a neuron’s ions are positive on the outside and negative on the inside.

Action Potential

A neural impulse, a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

Threshold

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.

Refractory Period

A period of inactively after a neuron has fired.

“All or None” Principle

A neuron’s reaction of either firing (with full strength response) or not firing.

Brainstem

Basic functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and whether you are awake or sleepy.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messengers that allow neurons to communicate with each other

Acetylcholine

Plays a role in memory, learning, involuntary muscle movement, regulating heart rate

Dopamine

Known for being the “pleasure” neurotransmitter. It is important for cognition, mood, sleep, focusing, movement

Endorphins

They are hormones that are released due to pain or stress. Their main functions are to improve mood, pain relief, stress relief, and pleasure.

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

A neurotransmitter in the brain that inhibits nerve transmission, helping to regulate anxiety, mood, and muscle tone.

Epinephrine

Also known as adrenaline, it is a hormone and neurotransmitter that increases heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism, typically released during stress.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that contributes to mood regulation, anxiety, and overall emotional well-being. It plays a role in appetite, sleep, and digestion.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that regulates mood, anxiety, appetite, sleep, and digestion.

Histamine

A chemical found in the body that plays a role in immune responses, regulation of stomach acid, and neurotransmission. It is released during allergic reactions.

Oxytocin

A hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a role in childbirth, lactation, and social bonding.

CNS

AKA. Central Nervous System interprets incoming sensory info