Worlds together worlds apart chapter 6

In what ways are large ruins, such as the amphitheater depicted here, evidence of substantial Hellenistic influence across Afro-Eurasia?

Correct
-The plays performed in these amphitheaters captured and helped to spread a universalized Hellenistic popular culture
- Amphitheaters were frequently a part of the infrastructure of Afro-Eurasian cities, showing that Hellenistic cultural practices were fully integrated into Afro-Eurasian cities.

Which fact about Silk Road trade is illustrated by this image of a Palmyran tombstone relief depicting a young princess and her slave?

The sculptor's depiction of luxurious, flowing textiles supports the fact that fine textiles- especcialy sil- were highly sought after items traded along the silk road

Hellenistic culture contained contradictions. While Hellenistic philosophy tended to value individual character, thought, and decision making, Hellenistic practices sometimes devalued individuals. Identify each aspect of Hellenistic culture as valuing or devaluing its individuals.

The devalued individual character, thought and decision making
- An ongoing Hellenistic emphasis on individual trade and wealth enabled a small elite to purchase large numbers of powerless slaves to work private plantations.
-In order to appeal to diverse audiences throughout the Hellenistic sphere, popular entertainment abandoned distinctive local topics in favor of stock characters and generic themes.

Match each aspect of Hellenistic culture to its effect on societies across Afro-Eurasia.

Schools of philosophy, including cynicism, epicureanism, and stoicism, develpoed and influenced one another across the Hellensitic world
- The infrastructure of new cities in Afro-Eurasia included typical Hellenistic features, like a gymnasium for education

A cosmopolitan urban culture developed, reflecting the needs, values, and experiences of the diverse populations of cities across Afro-Eurasia
- People from disparate local regions streamed into new Hellenistic cities seeking opportunities.

Hellenistic entertainment spread across Afro-Eurasia, but adapted to a more diverse audience through stock characters and themes that reflected the universal human experience.
-The infrastructure of new cities in Afro-Eurasia included typical Hellenistic features, like large amphitheaters for community entertainment.

What was the common language of the Hellenistic world?

Koine Greek

What new knowledge enabled Arab and Indian sailors to develop the Indian Ocean trade, which some historians consider a maritime Silk Road?

Correct
- Arab and Indian seafarers developed new navigational techniques and sailing technologies.
Arab and Indian sailors learned the pattern of the monsoon winds, enabling them to make long voyages across the Indian Ocean.

Based on information in the text and on the map below, which of the following statements about the spread of Buddhism are true?

Correct
- In Bactria (in the Kushan Empire), it would have been possible to visit a Buddhist rock-carved temple and buy something using a local coin with a Greek inscription.
As of the time period depicted in the map, Buddhism had not spread west of Bactria by land or southeast by sea.

Aśoka had multilingual edicts carved on pillars and boulders throughout his empire, promulgating his laws and explaining Buddhism to the diverse peoples in his empire.
What conclusions can be drawn from this fact?

Correct
- Parts of the Mauryan Empire had no tradition of Buddhism, or they adhered to a version of Buddhism that differed from Aśoka's beliefs.
-The Mauryan government employed people who could write in Mediterranean languages like Aramaic and Greek.

Caravan cities and ports required governments to fund a variety of infrastructural improvements, from roads and docks to storage facilities, to security along the routes in and out of town.
Why did governments choose to spend money on these kinds of things?

Correct
- Successful trade hubs were transit points for valuable, interesting new ideas and technologies, not just luxury goods.
-A successful trade hub could tax both imports and exports, and inhabitants made a lot of money providing services for travelers
-

A successful trade hub could tax both imports and exports, and inhabitants made a lot of money providing services for travelers
To what extent is this mosaic evidence of the spread of Hellenistic culture?

Correct
-The mosaic is an example of wealthy Romans using Greek imagery to signal that they were "civilized."
- The owners of the mosaic were cosmopolitan, in that they appreciated historical moments that went beyond their identities as Pompeiians and Romans.

The conquests of Alexander the Great laid the foundation for the spread of Hellenism. How did this come about? Put the following events in order.

1) the long-standing persian empire helped establish long distance trade and communication across asia.
2) Alexander conquered the Green city-states and moved on to conquer persia
3) Alexander established garrison towns and new cities across central asia, and even named a few after hisle: Alexandria, iskanderia, and Khnadahar.
4) Alexander's generals (seleucus, ANtigonus, and Ptolemy), each ruled a segment of Alexander's empire.
5) The Greek elites and Greek-influenced loacal elises within Alexanders successor empires spread hellenistic philosp, pipular culture, urbanism and art

While southern China may have engaged in Silk Road trade for largely economic reasons, northern China's Silk Road interactions could be described as national security operations, carried out through trade.

True

Which of the following statements are supported by the map and the text?

Correct
- Alexander's armies were active in modern-day Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
The horse was indispensable to Alexander's conquest of land from Macedonia to the Himalaya Mountains.

Which of the following accurately describes the Mauryan Empire's road building?

Correct
- The Mauryan practice of road building was similar to the empire-building policies of the Persian, Roman, and Qin governments.
The Mauryan government connected the empire's major urban centers with a system of tree-lined roads.

Buddhism evolved from a local South Asian religion to a vast regional belief system with very diverse followers.
Which of the following developments helped Buddhism spread?

Correct
- A new sect of the religion—Mahayana Buddhism—developed, and it appealed to potential converts because it promised individual salvation from suffering.
-Buddhist art, literature, and drama developed, all of which promoted and disseminated Buddhist ideas.
Kushan support and regional economic growth enabled Buddhist communities to amass wealth, build institutional infrastructure, and welcome public worshippers.

First, Aśoka, king of the Mauryan Empire, adopted and widely publicized the Buddhist concept of -. Second, Mahayana Buddhism offered personal salvation and guidance through the help of -.
Third, Buddhism was widely communicated through artistic imagery, including - sculptures that melded Hellenism and Buddhism for Central Asian audiences. Fourth, Buddhist monks traveled widely along the - with the support of the Kushan Empire.

1)dhamma
2) bodhistvas
3)Gandharan
4)Silk roads

Greek-style architecture was one of the signs of Hellenistic influence across Afro-Eurasia. For example, the city of Aï Khanoum reportedly had a palace that featured marble columns with Corinthian capitals (which are still widely used in architecture today).
Which of the following images depicts a Corinthian capital?

the carvings of men in cement

What are the best descriptions of international relations across western, Central, and South Asia in the centuries after Alexander's conquest?

Correct
- The major powers across the region communicated a lot with one another, engaging in intensive diplomacy and treaty making.
The major powers across the region were militarily powerful but well matched, meaning they fought without achieving gains against one another.

Features of Hellenism were adopted across Afro-Eurasia. Match each region with the way(s) it adopted aspects of Hellenism.

Influenced by their northern neighbor, people of this region adopted Hellenistic practices like inscribing their military victories on stone stelae and worshipping Dionysus and Zeus

Meroe

Features of Hellenism were adopted across Afro-Eurasia. Match each region with the way(s) it adopted aspects of Hellenism.
n this Mediterranean polity, people adopted Greek-style plantation slavery, copied Greek architecture, and studied Greek philosophy.

Rome

Features of Hellenism were adopted across Afro-Eurasia. Match each region with the way(s) it adopted aspects of Hellenism.
This central Asian kingdom included a number of cities that began as Greek garrison towns, featuring gymnasiums, theaters, and columns with Corinthian capitals.

Bactria

Why did the Xiongnu accept silk from China in exchange for both horses and peaceful borders? You may want to examine the map to help you answer the question.

Silk was coveted along the entire Silk Road but could only be acquired from China making it an extremely valuable trade item

The Xiongnu and Kushan empires were both established by peoples with strong agricultural economies.

False

n what ways was Chandragupta's Mauryan Empire connected to the Hellenistic world?

Correct
- The Mauryan Empire and the Seleucid Empire negotiated a peace treaty, engaged in diplomacy, and traded with each another.
- Chandragupta's conquests were inspired by Alexander and facilitated by his military activity in the region.

Hellenism influenced many parts of Afro-Eurasia, but it did not supplant all (or even most) local customs. Match each locale with the way(s) in which it resisted adopting Hellenism.

Although this region adopted many aspects of Hellenism, Zoroastrianism retained its spiritual, economic, and political importance in the region.

Persia

Hellenism influenced many parts of Afro-Eurasia, but it did not supplant all (or even most) local customs. Match each locale with the way(s) in which it resisted adopting Hellenism.

In this region, people rejected many aspects of Hellenism, including its language, music, gymnasia, nudity, and figurative art.

Judea

Hellenism influenced many parts of Afro-Eurasia, but it did not supplant all (or even most) local customs. Match each locale with the way(s) in which it resisted adopting Hellenism.

Although the formation of this empire was inspired and facilitated by Alexander's conquests, its political and spiritual practices were more influenced by Buddhism than Hellenism.

Mauryan Empire

Hopefully this will convince Aśoka's descendants to avoid armed conquest, or at least treat their new subjects gently.

" ... this ... has been written [so] that my sons and great-grandsons should not think of a fresh conquest by arms as worth achieving, that they should adopt the policy of forbearance and light punishment towards the vanquished even if they conquer a people by arms ... ."

Even in places where Aśoka has not sent messengers, local people know about the dhamma and Aśoka's laws, and they are following those laws.

Even where the envoys of the Beloved of the Gods have not penetrated, there too men have heard of the practices of Dhamma and the ordinances issued ... and are conforming to Dhamma ... ."

Even though Aśoka has had a change of heart and now adheres to the dhamma, he is still able and willing to punish any rebellious people. So behave!

" ... in spite of his repentance, the Beloved of the Gods possesses power enough to punish [the forest tribes] for their crimes, so that they should turn from evil ways and would not be killed for their crimes."

Megasthenes, the Seleucid ambassador to the Mauryan Empire, authored a book of his observations. Which of the following best characterizes how Megasthenes described the Mauryan Empire?

The empire was highly stratified and orderly, and everything our social groups to the government and the military, was well organized.

To what extent is this mosaic evidence of the spread of Hellenistic culture?

-The mosaic is an example of wealthy Romans using Greek imagery to signal that they were "civilized."
The owners of the mosaic were cosmopolitan, in that they appreciated historical moments that went beyond their identities as Pompeiians and Romans.